Experimental Behavior Of

In-Organic PET Fiber

Reinforcement Of Cement
Concrete.
SUPERVISOR: MR. SAMUELA. LOALOA
CO. SUPERVISOR: MR. SATEESH. PISINI
GROUP NAMES:
1. FREDERICK. DONALD (S2014125623)
2. FREDA. SUIDANI (S2016138338)
3. NINTON. NAWIWA (S2016138255)
4. MARJORIE. RUAKANA (S2016138337)
5. ILAITIA. RAKURO (S2016136292)
Introduction

• This project is base on Experimenting the behavior of in-organic (PET) fiber

reinforcement of cement concrete by replacing coarse aggregates with
PET fibers..
• Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is one of the most common plastics
used for water bottles and carbonated beverage. However, it is very
difficult to biodegrade, hence, engineers did several studies and
experiments on the PET bottles to find out the cost effective materials that
can be use to increase the strength of concrete structures while adding
PET fiber.
Problem Statement

 Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) bottle is one of the most common non-

biodegradable waste in the pacific which has lots of negative impacts
on the environment.
 Therefore, our group had discussed and come up with an idea to reduce
its negative impacts by using it as a fiber to reinforce a cement concrete.
 Hence, this idea can help to; save the environment, improve peoples
health care, demonstrate innovative ways on waste recycle, improve &
increase our economy, improve infrastructures and reduce green house
gas effect into the atmosphere which in overall reduces pollution.
Aim/Objective

 The sole aim of this project are as follows;

1. Find out how PET fiber acts in cement concrete when bounded
with water and aggregates
2. Find out the best ratio for a suitable mix design
3. Develop the characterization tests for a PET fiber
4. Use PET fiber as reinforcement to check the effect on strength
and properties of concrete
5. To investigate the structural behavior of such replaced concrete
composites.
Literature Review

 The Mechanical Properties Of PET Fiber Reinforced Concrete From

Recycled Bottle Wastes
- Investigating the performance of concrete when incorporated with
waste PET fiber
- Innovative ways of recycling PET bottles by grinding into irregular fibers
- Investigating the mechanical properties of concrete by using cylindrical
mold where compression and split tensile strength test are tested (J.M.
Irwan1, R. A. 2013)
 Strength Characteristics Of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Recycle PET
- Investigate using waste PET bottles as fibers and replacing 0.5%, 1% &
1.5% by weight of Cement
- Compression, split tensile & flexural strength test are tested to find out
concrete strength (Rao, Y. d. April 2017)
Literature Review

 Experimental Investigation On The Properties Of Concrete With

Plastic PET (Bottle) Fibers As Fine Aggregates
- Investigate waste PET bottles as half replacement of aggregates
in cement with 1%, 2%, 4% & 6% PET fibers for fine aggregates.
- Compare against control mix with no replacement
- Cubic and Cylinder specimens were casted, cured and tested
for 7,14 and 28 days as compression, split tensile and flexural
strength test are done (K. Ramadevi, R. M. June 2012)
Classification Of Inorganic Fiber

Inorganic Fiber

Natural Synthetic
Refractory
Polymer Polymer

1. Regenerated Cellulose 1. Polyamice

2. Regenerated Protein 2. Polyester 1. Metal,
3. Cellulose Ester 3. Polyurethanes Glass
4. Misce 4. Poly-hydrocarbon
5. Poly-vinyl
6. Rubber
Advantage & Disadvantage Of Adding PET
Fiber In Concrete

Advantages Disadvantages
I. Reduce crack widths and control I. Low bonding properties
the crack widths tightly, thus
improving durability II. Reduce in compressive, tensile
II. Improve structural strength and flexural strength
III. Improve ductility
IV. Reduce steel reinforcement
requirements
V. Improve impact resistance-and
abrasion-resistance
Contrast Between Natural & Inorganic
Fibers In Concrete

Natural Fiber Advantages Inorganic Fiber Advantages

 Low specific weight, resulting in  Have low modulus of elasticity
higher specific strength  Have a hydrophobic surface
 It is a renewable resource and the
 Hardly corrode in the alkaline
production requires little energy
cementation matrix
 Good thermal and insulating
properties in concrete
 Producible with low investment at
low cost
Contrast Between Natural & Inorganic
Fibers In Concrete
Natural Fiber Disadvantages
 Have lower strength properties
 Moisture absorption causes
swelling of the fibers, thus lower
durability
 Poor fiber resistance
Inorganic Fiber Disadvantages
 Have poor bonding with concrete
 Have higher cost when designed
for reinforcement
 Not eco-friendly; recycling is a
tedious work
 Polyester is unstable at PH level
above 10
Project Methodology

2. Slicing Of PET Bottles To

1. Collection Of Waste PET
Flakes And Grinding To
Bottles And Cleaning
Granules.

3. Casting Of Test
4. Casting And Testing Of Specimens Like Cylinder
Structural Specimens And And Cubic With Various %
Comparison Of Results Of Plastic Waste And Testing
Materials

1. Cement
2. Sand
3. Coarse aggregate
4. Water
5. Cubic & cylindrical mold
6. Test machines
7. PET bottles
Experimental Procedure

1. Treatment of PET bottles

After collecting the PET bottles, they are treated according to the
following steps:
- Removal of labels and lid from the PET bottles
- Wash bottles thoroughly with detergent
- Dry the bottles under the sun for 1-2 hours
- Sort the bottles for slicing
Procedure Continue

2. Slicing and grinding of PET bottles

- Slice the bottles into smaller pieces
- Further grind the bottle pieces into granules using a grinder

3. Casting and testing structural specimen

The components are mixed according to the respective amount
required as shown below:
- A volume ratio of 1:1:2 is used for cement, sand and coarse
aggregate respectively.
N.B: Three separate mixture are prepared with the ratio above
Procedure continue

- The amount of fiber added to each of the mixtures are 1%, 2% and 3%
- Use water to mix the component very carefully
-The specimen are filled with m25 grade concrete. This is done for all three
mixtures. 9 specimens are prepared from each mixture.
- Dry the specimen for 24 hours
-Curing is done for 28 days from which the test are done on the specimens on
day 7, 14 and 28.
-Three specimens from each mixture are to be tested each time the tests are
done.
-The tests include compression strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength
test.
Expected Result

 Compressive strength test for 1%, 2% and 3% PET fiber reinforce

concrete specimens correspondingly should however expect to
be increase by 8 % compare to 28 days’ normal concrete, while
the compressive strength test for PET fiber reinforce concrete
specimens at 6% should be decrease at about 0.5%. Therefore, if
this output is expected as it is, it will show that only small amount of
PET fiber will increase the strength of the concrete. Hence, it will
show a good bonding between coarse aggregate and binder as
increase in increasing the PET fiber content will result in decreasing
the strength of concrete.
Expected Result Continue

 Splitting tensile strength test should have expected to show that

PET fiber at 1%, 2% and 3% increase the concrete strength
compares to the normal concrete at all ages. Therefore, the split
tensile strength of concrete PET fiber at 1%, 2%, and 3% at 28 days
should be predicted to be increase by 8%, 13.5% and 19.8%
correspondingly. Hence, if this happens, it will prove that by
adding PET fiber, it will improve both bending strength and split
tensile strength.
 Flexural strength test for 1%, 2% and 3% PET fiber FRC after 7, 14 and
28 days should have expected to increase specimen’s strength
ratio. Hence adding more than 10 % of fiber will automatically
decrease the flexural strength.
Executed Works

1. Project chosen topic

2. Project timeline and cost estimation
3. Literature review
4. Mid year project engineering report
5. Poster presentation
6. Project proposal final presentation
Remaining works

1. Collection of PET bottles & Cleaning

2. Slicing PET bottles into flakes
3. Transporting sand, cement and coarse aggregates
4. Laboratory experiment
5. Final engineering project report
6. Final presentation
Gantt Chart
 Project Cost Estimation
Materials Use Amount (FJD)
40kg Cement To be mixed with sand, coarse $20
aggregates and PET fiber

Sand To be mixed with cement, coarse $30

aggregates and PET fiber

Coarse aggregates To be mixed with sand, cement and $30

PET fiber

Transport Transport fare for transporting $40

cement, sand and coarse
aggregates

TOTAL COST $120

ALL OTHER MATERIALS & EQUIPMENTS NEEDED ARE AVAILABLE IN THE LABORATORY
Future Scope Of Work

 Areas of interests identified for future research are as follow;

 The enhancement of the properties of concrete which uses
demolished wastes as aggregates by incorporating scrap PET bottle
fibers in it.
 Study on the durability aspects of concrete with PET fibers in adverse
corrosive environment (Marine structures)
 Studied on the reduction of convectional PET fiber reinforcement in
structures when the concrete used is modified using scrap PET fibers.
 Study on changing the percentage of PET fibers and grades of
concrete
Conclusion

 To conclude, if the idea of using PET

bottle as fiber reinforce concrete is to be
implement, it will create a greater impact
on people and the environment. It will be
affordable, reduce pollution, improve
infrastructure and produce a green
environment.
Reference

 J.M. Irwan1, R. A. (2013). The Mechanical Properties of PET Fiber

Reinforced Concrete From Recycled Bottle Wastes . Advanced
Materials Research, 347-351.
 K. Ramadevi, R. M. (June 2012). Experimental Investigation on the
properties of concrete with PET (Bottles) Fibres as Fine Aggregates.
International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering, 42-46.
 Rao, Y. d. (April 2017). Strength characteristics of fiber reinforced
concrete using recycled PET. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 92-99.
 Sung Bae Kim, N. H.-H.-C. (2010). Material and structural
performance evaluation of recycled PET fiber reinforced concrete.
Cement and Concrete Composites, 232-240.
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