Group 8

“Word Classes”

Shabrina Artarini – 1601055064

Rahmasitha – 1601055092
Mayasa Hana – 1601055100
Dian Safitri – 1601055117

http://www.free-powerpoint-templates-design.com
Discussion

The Definition of Word

01 Classes

Kind of Word Classes and

02 the Function
Definition of Word
Class
• Word classes are the same as what in traditional
terminology are called parts of speech and what many
contemporary linguists call lexical categories

• Word classes, also known as part of speech, are a

categorization based on the function of the word in the
sentence

• Word classes are a set of words that display the same

formal properties, especially their inflections and
distribution. Similar to the more traditional term part of
speech. The two major families of word classes are (1)
lexical (or open) classes, and (2) function (or closed)
classes
Kind of Word Classes
and Their Function

1. Open
Classes

2. Closed
Classes
 Open Classes

1. NOUN

Noun is the name given to the syntactic class

in which the words for most noun people,
places, or things occur. But since syntactic
classes like noun are defined syntactically and
morphologically rather than semantically, some • Proper Noun: are names of
words for people, places, and things may not specific persons or entities
be nouns, and conversely some nouns may
not be words for people, places, or things.
Example: Natalie, Nike, Paris,
. Central Park Zoo

• Common Noun: are names of

place, thing or ideas that are not
specific
Example: Girl, Shoes, City, Lake.
2. VERB
A group of words cannot be described as a
sentence or a clause unless at least one of
the words is a verb. In some ways, we can
describe it as the most important part of
speech because it is the ‘action’ word that
tells the listener or reader what is
happening in the sentence

1 Action Verb
2 Action verb are verb that express action (give, eat,
walk, etc.) or possession (have, own, etc.). Action
verb can be either transitive or intransitive
3

4
 Transitive Verb
A transitive verb always has a noun that receives the action
of the verb, called the direct object.

Example:
Laura raises her hand.
Add Text (The verb is raises. Her hand is the object receiving the
Simple
verb’s action. Therefore, raises is a transitive verb.)
PowerPoint
Presentation
Intransitive Verb
An intransitive verb never has a direct or indirect object.
Although an intransitive verb may be followed by an adverb
or adverbial phrase, there is no object to receive its action.

Example:
Laurissa rises slowly from her seat.
(The verb is rises. The phrase, slowly from her seat, modifies
the verb, but no object receives the action. )
2 Linking Verbs

Linking verb connects the subject of a sentence

to a noun or adjective that renames or
describes the subject. This noun or adjective is
called the subject complement.

Example:
• Jason became a business major.
The verb, became, links the subject, Jason, to
its complement, a business major.

• Lisa is in love with Jason.

2 The verb, is, links the subject, Lisa, to the
subject complement, in love with Jason
(describing Lisa)
3

The most common linking verb is the verb to be

4 in all of its forms (am, are, is, was, were, etc.).
This verb may also be used as a helping verb
(see next section).
3 Helping Verbs

Helping verbs are used before action or linking

verbs to convey additional information
regarding aspects of possibility (can, could,
etc.) or time (was, did, has, etc.).

Example:
• Teju is (helping verb) going (main verb) to
Florida.

•The trip might (helping verb) be (main verb)

dangerous.
2

The following words, called modals, always

3 function as helping verbs.
Can, may, must, shall, will, could, might, ought
to, should, would
4
 ADVERB
An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words including an adjective,
a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase, with the exception of determiners
and adjectives, that directly modify nouns.

ADVERB OF MANNER ADVERB OF PLACE

• Directions
•She passed the exam easily. New York is located north of Philadelphia.
•They walk quickly to catch the train. • Distance
•The dinner party went badly. Jane is moving far away.
•John answered the • Position
question correctly. The treasure lies underneath the box.

ADVERB OF FREQUENCY ADVERB OF TIME

• The adverb is usually placed before • Forgot his lunch yesterday and
the main verb. again today.
• I can normally make the shot. • I have to go now.
• I will always love • We first met Julie last year.

ADVERB OF PURPOSE
• I was sick, thus didn’t go to work
today.
• I started jogging so that I
wouldn’t be late.
• Because I was late, I jogged a
little faster.
Adverb position with verbs
• She laughed timidly.
• I stroked the cat gently.
• Janine lived here.
• There is money everywhere.
.
.
Positions of Adverbs
• We gave them a really tough match. The
adverb really modifies the adjective tough.
• It was quite windy that night. The
adverb quite modifies the adjective windy.
• We don’t go to the movies terribly often.
Your Text Here
The adverb terribly modifies the adverb often.
.
 PRONOUN
A pronoun is defined as a word or phrase that is used as a substitution for a noun or noun phrase,
which is known as the pronoun’s antecedent. Pronouns are short words and can do everything that
nouns can do and are one of the building blocks of a sentence. Common pronouns are he, she, you,
me, I, we, us, this, them, that.

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