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TM4112 - 3 DerivationFlowEquations
TM4112 - 3 DerivationFlowEquations
TM4112 - 3 DerivationFlowEquations
Conservation of
Control element
momentum
u
Black Oil Model
Flow Equation DX
Initial and
Boundary Mass balance:
Conditions
Multiphase Flow
Mass into the Mass out of the Rate of change of mass
element at x element at x + Dx inside the element
Non-horizontal
Flow
or
uAx uAx Dx ADx
Multidimensional
Flow
t
Coordinate
Systems
Au A
x t
Conservation of
momentum
Semi-empirical Darcy's equation:
Initial and
Forchheimer equation:
Boundary
Conditions P
u u n
x k
Multiphase Flow
where n is proposed by Muscat to be 2.
Non-horizontal
Flow
P 2u
Coordinate
Systems
u 2
x k x
Conservation of
mass
Constitutive equation for porous materials:
Conservation of
momentum rock compressibility:
d
Initial and
Boundary
cr
Conditions
dP
Multiphase Flow
Constitutive equations for fluids :
Non-horizontal
Flow fluid compressibility :
Multidimensional
1 V
Flow c f
V P T
Coordinate
Systems
Conservation of
momentum
The main parameters :
Coordinate
Systems
Conservation of
mass
Typical pressure dependencies
Conservation of
momentum
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions
P P Pb P Pb P
Multiphase Flow
Non-horizontal
Flow
w g o
Multidimensional
Flow
Coordinate
Systems
P P P
Conservation of For a :
momentum
One-dimensional
Flow Equation
Horizontal system
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions
Assuming
Multiphase Flow
Multidimensional
Flow The flow equation becomes:
k P
Coordinate
Systems
x B x t B
Conservation of
momentum
1. Initial conditions (IC) :
Non-horizontal
Flow P(z,t 0) Pref (z zref ) g
Multidimensional
Flow Where Pref is reference pressure & ρ is fluid densities
Coordinate
Systems
Conservation of
mass
2. Basic types of BC’s:
Dirichlet conditions:
Flow Equation
Applied to the simple linear system described above:
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions
P( x 0, t 0) PL
Multiphase Flow P( x L, t 0) PR
Non-horizontal
Flow
Neumann conditions:
Specify the flow rates at the end faces of the system:
Multidimensional
Flow kA P
QL
x x0
Coordinate
Systems kA P
QR
x x L
Conservation of
mass
Before production:
Conservation of
momentum
Z
Multidimensional
Flow
Coordinate
Systems
Conservation of
mass
After production:
Conservation of
momentum
WOC
Multiphase Flow
WATER
BC:
Non-horizontal BC:
Flow q=0
1) Pbh = constant
AQUIFER
2) Qinj = constant
Multidimensional
Flow Z
Coordinate
Systems
Flow Equation
Darcy equation for each phase :
Initial and
Boundary kkrl Pl
Conditions ul l o, w, g
l x
Multiphase Flow
Conservation of
mass the oil equation only includes the part of the oil remaining liquid at the surface
which is: ρOL
Conservation of The continuity equation for gas has to be modified to include solution gas as
momentum well as free gas which is: ρG & ρOG
Flow Equation
The oil continuity equation:
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions oLuo qo oL So
x t
Multiphase Flow
kkrw Pw S
Non-horizontal
qw w
Flow
x w Bw x t Bw
Where:
Multidimensional
Flow Pcow Po Pw
Pcog Pg Po
Coordinate
Systems
S
l o, w, g
l 1
Conservation of
momentum
One-dimensional, inclined flow:
Initial and
Boundary x
Conditions
Multiphase Flow
Darcy equation:
k P dD
u g
Non-horizontal x dx
Flow
which can be written:
Multidimensional k P
Flow u sin a
x
Coordinate
– dip angle: α
Systems
– hydrostatic gradient : g=rg
One-phase
Conservation of
momentum Three-dimensional flow
Cartesian coordinates
Black Oil Model
Flow Equation
u x u y u z
x y z t
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions Corresponding Darcy equations :
Multiphase Flow
k x P D
ux
Non-horizontal
x x
Flow
k y P D
uy
y
Multidimensional
Flow y
Coordinate k z P D
Systems uz
z z
x
Flow Equation
Initial and
Boundary
Conditions
z z
Multiphase Flow
Multidimensional
j r
Flow
q
Coordinate
Systems