DESIGNING OF PRESSURE

VESSEL
BY: TEUKU MUHAMMAD ARRAHMAN
PRESSURE VESSEL COMPONENT
CODE STANDARD
The selection of Division 1 or Division 2 shall be based on both design and economic
considerations. The following are the Rules of Thumb for application of ASME Section
VIII, Division 2:
 When the required thickness according to ASME Section VIII Division 1 basis of a
vessel exceeds 2 inches (50 mm) irrespective of the design pressure & materials.
 When the fabricated weight of the vessel excluding the internal & external
weight exceeds 100 tons according to ASME Section VIII Division 1 basis.
 When the design pressure exceeds 3000 psig (20.68 Mpa), the ASME Section
 VIII Division 2 shall be applied. (See U-1 (d) of ASME Section VIII, Division 1 for
Scope of Division 1).
 When vessels operating in cyclic service.
DESIGN CALCULATION (ASME VIII DIV.1)
MATERIAL SELECTION BASED ON FLUID SERVICE
MATERIAL SELECTION BASED ON TEMPERATURE
SERVICE
RADIOGRAPHY

 FULL RADIOGRAPHY (JOINT EFFICIENCY (E) : 100%)

 SPOT RADIOGRAPHY (JOINT EFFICIENCY (E) : 85%)
FULL RADIOGRAPHY
Full radiography will applied for several condition :
 Vessels containing lethal substances
 Unfired steam boilers with design pressure exceeding 50 psig
 All butt welds joined by electrogas welding with any single pass greater than
1½” (38 mm) and all butt welds joined by electroslag welding
 Final closure of vessels (Ultrasonic examination when the construction does
not permit radiographs)
CONT’D
 Vessel for material with minimum nominal thickness as below:
SPOT RADIOGRAPHY
Spot radiography may applied for several condition :
 Vessel is not containing lethal substances.
 Vessel carbon steel with thickness less than 1.25 inches (32 mm).
 Vessel stainless steel with thickness less than 1.5 inches (38 mm).
 Vessel thickness is controlled by external design pressure.
 Unfired steam boiler with internal design pressure less than 50 psig.
CASE EXAMPLE :
Design the vertical vessel (Ellipsoidal head) with process data taken from
Datasheet as follow :
Vessel ID : 8 feet/96 in
Vessel T/T : 15 feet/180 in
Design pressure : 700 psig
Design Temperature : 700°F
Fluid Service : Instrument Air

Specify vessel thickness and vessel material for purchase basis

SELECTING OF MATERIAL

Since the design

temperature is 700°F

Find its allowable stress

For Shell

For Nozzle

For Head
CALCULATION OF DESIGN
SPECIFICATION
 Design pressure, P= 700 psi
 Design temperature, T= 700 °F
 Design radius for Head & Shell, R= 48 in.
 Design radius for Nozzle, R= 4 in.
 Materials:
 Head: SA-181 Class 70 (S= 16600 psi)
 Shell: SA-516 Gr. 70 (S= 16600 psi)
 Nozzle: SA-106 Gr. B (S= 14400 psi)
 Weld efficiency factor, E = 1.0 (Full radiographic examinantion)
CONT’D
 Shell thickness, ts
𝑷𝑹 𝟕𝟎𝟎(𝟒𝟖)
 𝑡𝑠 = = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟕𝟕 𝒊𝒏.
𝑺𝐄−𝟎.𝟔𝑷 𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟏.𝟎 −𝟎.𝟔(𝟕𝟎𝟎)

 Head thickness, th
𝑷𝑫 𝟕𝟎𝟎(𝟗𝟔)
 𝑡𝑠 = = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝒊𝒏.
𝟐𝑺𝐄−𝟎.𝟐𝑷 𝟐(𝟏𝟔𝟔𝟎𝟎) 𝟏.𝟎 −𝟎.𝟐(𝟕𝟎𝟎)

 Nozzle thickness, tn
𝑷𝑹 𝟕𝟎𝟎(𝟒)
 𝑡𝑠 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐 𝒊𝒏.
𝑺𝐄−𝟎.𝟔𝑷 𝟏𝟒𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝟏.𝟎 −𝟎.𝟔(𝟕𝟎𝟎)
DATASHEET
 Pressure vessels are an integral part of many manufacturing
facilities and processing plants, enabling the safe storage of
pressurized liquids and gases. From industrial boilers to gasoline
tankers, pressure vessels operate in a wide array of potentially
hazardous environments. However, if not properly designed,
constructed and maintained, pressure vessels can be extremely
dangerous.

CONCLUSION