Jemimah Keren S.

Diamas
 Definition
Animation is a method in which pictures are
manipulated to appear as moving images.

Commonly the effect of animation is achieved by

a rapid succession of sequential images that
minimally differ from each other.

Animators are artists who specialize in creating

animation.
 Etymology
"animation"

stems from the Latin

"animationem“
meaning "the action of imparting life“
 Types
Traditional
Stop motion
Computer
Generated/Digital (CGI)
 Traditional
images are drawn or painted by hand on
transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed
and exhibited on film
 Stop motion
objects are physically manipulated between
individually photographed frames
they will appear to exhibit independent motion
when the series of frames is played back as a fast
sequence.
technique using two and three-dimensional
objects like paper cutouts, puppets or clay
figures
 Computer Animation
today most animations are made with computer-
generated imagery (CGI)
History
30,000 B.C. – 1500 A.D.
EARLY WAYS OF SHOWING
MOTION

archeological artifacts
attempting to depict things in motion
through drawings
 Paleolithic Era
Stone Age cave art: the world's first
animation

these Cave art that had been created is

thought to be the world's first attempt at
producing a moving picture, not a muddled
mess of limbs and heads
 3,000 B.C.
SHAHR-E SUKHTEH, IRAN
a bronze-age pottery bowl depicts
goats leaping
 1600 – 1877
ANIMATION BEFORE FILM

With the spread of the Industrial Revolution in

Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th
centuries came experimentation with machines
that would make images appear to move.
 1603
MAGIC LANTERN
an image projector using pictures on sheets
of glass
since some sheets contain moving parts, it
is considered the first example of projected
animation
 1824
THAUMATROPE
housed a rotating mechanism with a
different picture on each side.

when rotate it, you will see a combined

picture (known as persistence of
vision)
 1831
PHENAKITOSCOPE
featured spinning disks reflected
in mirrors that
made it seem like the pictures
were moving
 1834
Zoetrope
a hollow drum that housed images on
long interchangeable strips that spin
and made the images appear to move
 1868
FLIP-BOOK
also known as the kineograph
it was patented by John Barnes Linnett.
 1877
PRAXINOSCOPE
expanded on the zoetrope, using
multiple wheels to rotate images

It is considered to have shown the first

prototypes of the animated cartoon.
 1892
Theatre using Praxinoscope
Emil Reynaud opened a theatre in
Fance using the praxinoscope and
produced a 10 to 15 minute "moving
picture."
 1898
Albert E. Smith and J. Stuart
Blackton were the first people to
use stop motion animation in 1898
when they created The Humpty
Dumpty Circus.
Blackton = Father of American Animation
 1900 – 1930
THE SILENT ERA
The early 20th century marks the beginning of
theatrical showings of cartoons.
Many animators form studios, with Bray Studios
in New York proving the most successful of this
era. Bray helped launch the careers of the
cartoonists that created Mighty Mouse, Betty
Boop, and Woody Woodpecker.
 1900
The Enchanted Drawing
James Stuart Blackton used animation
techniques to produce a short film.

It documented the drawing process of

characters, without ever showing the artist; this
made it seem that the drawings simply
appeared.
The Enchanted Drawing
 1906
Humorous Phases of Funny
Faces
Historically and technically, it is the first animated
and was also made by J. Stuart Blackton.

It was the earliest surviving example of a drawn

animated film. It was the first cartoon to use the
single frame method, and was projected at 20
frames per second.
 1908
FANTASMAGORIE
is considered by film historians to be the first
animated cartoon
By Emile Cohl
 1914
GERTIE THE DINOSAUR
is considered the first cartoon to
feature
an appealing character
created by Windsor McCay
(with 10,000 drawings, backgrounds
included)
 1919-1920
FELIX THE CAT
Musical Mews and Feline Follies introduced Felix
the Cat—often considered the first animated
movie star.
The Most Successful Cartoon Character During
the Silent Era
Otto Messmer
 1922
Laugh-O-Grams
Twenty-year-old Walt Disney began his first
animation film studio called Laugh-O-Grams. It
failed after only a short time
 1923
Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio
Opened
The Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio was
founded on October 16,1923 by Walt and Roy
Disney.

The company was opened during the "silent era", and

the creation of the Alice Comedies began
 1923
Alice's Wonderland
Alice's Wonderland was the first
Disney film featuring Alice.

It was a black and white, silent film with

a running time of 12 minutes and 29
seconds.
 1928
Steamboat Willie
Mortimer Mouse
The first Mickey Mouse cartoon released (?), and the
first cartoon with synchronized sound (?). Directed by
Walt Disney.

the first cartoon with the sound printed on the film,and

is the first notable success for Walt Disney Studios

Disney himself was the original voice for Mickey

*** ? = homework
(https://www.filmsite.org/animatedfilms2.html)
 1930-1950s
THE GOLDEN AGE OF AMERICAN
ANIMATION
theatrical cartoons became an integral part of
popular culture
These years are defined by the rise of Walt
Disney (Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and Silly
Symphonies), Warner Brothers, MGM, and
Fleischer (Betty Boop, Popeye).
 1930
Fiddlesticks
It was the first to combine sound and 2-strip
Technicolor, setting the course for the entire
animation industry.

While many animations, including Steamboat Willie,

had featured synchronized sound, Fiddlesticks was the
first to combine sound and color.
FIDDLESTICKS
1930
 1931
Tom and Jerry, the First Installment
• first introduced in 1931 by Van
• Wot a Night, lasting 8 minutes and 19 seconds
• the series only lasted 2 years

In 1940 Joseph Barbera and William Hanna re-

created the series using a cat and a mouse.
 1932
Flowers and Trees
• the first animation in the Silly Symphony (Disney)
series to be released in color
• also, the first commercially released animation to
be produced in the full-color three-
strip Technicolor process
• the winner of the first Academy Award forBest
Animated Short Subject; it was
Disney's first Academy Award - the first of Walt's
32 personal Academy Awards
 1937
SNOW WHITE
• Walt Disney releases Snow White and the
Seven Dwarfs, the first full-length animated
feature to use hand-drawn animation.
• It was also the first produced in full colour and
sound produced by Walt Disney.
Snow White 1937
 1960-1980s
THE AMERICAN TELEVISION ERA
The animation industry began to adapt to the fact
that television continued its rise as the
entertainment medium of choice for American
families.
Studios created many cartoons for TV, using a
“limited animation” style. By the mid ‘80s, with
help from cable channels such as The Disney
Channel and Nickolodeon, cartoons were
ubiquitous on TV.
 1960
FLINTSTONES
Hanna-Barbera releases The Flintstones
The first animated series on prime-time
television
 1980 – 2014
MODERN AMERICAN ERA
The rise of CGI (computer generated imagery)
revolutionized animation.
A principal difference of CGI animation compared to
traditional animation is that drawing is replaced by
3D modeling, almost like a virtual version of stop-
motion.
A form of animation that combines the two and
uses 2D computer drawing can be considered
computer aided animation.
 1984
THE ADVENTURES OF ANDRE &
WALLY B
This short film was the first fully
CGI-animated film created by The
Graphics Group, the precursor to
Pixar.
THE ADVENTURES OF
ANDRE & WALLY B
 1987
THE SIMPSONS
animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for
the Fox Broadcasting Company

it is the longest-running American sitcom, the

longest-running American animated program,
and in 2009 it surpassed Gunsmoke as the
longest-running American scripted primetime
television series
 1993
JURASSIC
PARK
the first Jurassic Park
film was released
it was praised for its
use of CGI and being
able to create realistic
animals
 1995
TOY STORY
• the first fully computer-animated
feature film, was released.
• by Disney/Pixar: it was the first Disney/Pixar film
made (produced by Pixar Animation Studios and
released by Walt Disney Pictures)
• the first feature film made entirely with CGI
(computer-generated imagery) basically meaning,
it was made 100% on the computer.
TOY STORY 1995
 2014
BIG HERO 6
Big Hero 6 is the first Disney animated film
to feature Marvel Comics characters
Highest Grossing Animated Films
Worldwide Domestic International
Rank Released Movie
Box Office Box Office Box Office

1 2013 Frozen $1,272,469,910 $400,738,009 $871,731,901

2 2018 Incredibles 2 $1,238,502,902 $608,508,728 $629,994,174

3 2015 Minions $1,160,336,173 $336,045,770 $824,290,403

4 2010 Toy Story 3 $1,069,666,004 $415,004,880 $654,661,124

5 2017 Despicable Me 3 $1,034,748,190 $264,624,300 $770,123,890

6 2016 Finding Dory $1,021,350,883 $486,295,561 $535,055,322

7 2016 Zootopia $1,019,704,348 $341,268,248 $678,436,100

8 1994 The Lion King $986,214,868 $421,785,283 $564,429,585

9 2013 Despicable Me 2 $975,216,835 $368,065,385 $607,151,450

10 2004 Shrek 2 $937,008,132 $441,226,247 $495,781,885

12 Principles of
Animation