Data Communications Circuit

Presented by: Jejomar Cruz

Data Communications Circuit
• There is a source of digital information, a transmission medium, and
a destination.
• Both thesource and destination equipment are digital; they process
information in the form of binary pulses.
• The transmission medium may be a digital or an analog.
• And; it could comprise one or more of the following: metallic wire
pair, coaxial cable, microwave radio, satellite radio, or an optical fiber
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION CIRCUIT SIMPLIFIED DIAGRAM

TRANSMISSION MEDIUM
SOURCE (ANALOG or DIGITAL) DESTINATION
DIGITAL EQUIPMENT DIGITAL EQUIPMENT
Data Communications Circuit
Configurations and Topologies
Configurations

• Configurations. Data communications circuits can be generally

categorized as either two-point or multipoint
A two-point configuration involves only two
locations or stations,
• A two point circuit can involve the transfer of information between a
mainframe computer and a remote computer terminal, two
mainframe computers, or two remote computer terminals.
multipoint configuration involves three or
more stations
• A multipoint circuit is generally used to interconnect a single
mainframe computer (host) to many remote computer terminals,
although any combination of three or more computers or computer
terminals constitutes a multipoint circuit.
Topologies
• The topology or architecture of a data communications circuit
identifies how the various locations within the network are
interconnected. The most common topologies used are the point to
point, the star, the bus or multidrop, the ring or loop, and the mesh.
 Transmission Modes
Essentially, there are four modes of transmission for data
communications circuits: sim
plex, half duplex, full duplex, and full'/full duplex.
Simplex
• With simplex operation, data transmission is unidirectional;
information can be sent only in one direction. Simplex lines are also
called receive-only, transmit only, or one-way-only lines.
Half duplex (HDX)
• In the half-duplex mode, data transmission is possible in both
directions, but not at the same time. Half-duplex lines are also called
two-way alternate lines.
Full duplex (FDX)
• In the full-duplex mode, transmissions arc possible in both directions
simultaneously, but they must be between the same two stations.
Full-duplex lines are also called two-way-simultaneous or simply
duplex lines.
Full/full duplex (F/FDX)
• In the F/FDX mode, transmission is possible in both directions at the
same time but not between the same two stations (i.e., one station is
transmitting to a second station and receiving from a third station at
the same time). F/ FDX is possible only on multipoint circuits.
Two-Wire versus Four-Wire
Operation
• Two-wire, as the name implies, involves a transmission medium that
either uses two wires (a signal and a reference lead) or a
configuration that is equivalent to having only two wires. With two-
wire operation, simplex, full-, or half-duplex transmission is possible.
• For full-duplex operation, the signals propagating in opposite
directions must occupy different bandwidths; otherwise, they will mix
linearly and interfere with each other.
• Four-wire, as the name implies, involves a transmission medium that
uses four wires (two are used for signals that are propagating in
opposite directions and two are
• used for reference leads) or a configuration that is equivalent to
having four wires. With four-wire operation, the signals propagating
in opposite directions are physically separated and therefore can
occupy the same bandwidths without interfering with each other.
• Four-wire operation provides more isolation and is preferred over
two-wire, although four-wire requires twice as many wires and,
consequently, twice the cost.
• A transmitter and its associated receiver are equivalent to a two-wire
circuit. A transmitter and a receiver for both directions of propagation
are equivalent to a four wire circuit.
• With full-duplex transmission over a two-wire line, the available
bandwidth must be divided in half, thus reducing the information
capacity in either direction to one-half of the half-duplex value.