Chapter 1 - Vector Analysis

Scalars and Vectors

Scalar Fields (temperature)

Vector Fields (gravitational, magnetic)

Vector Algebra
The Cartesian Coordinate System
Vector Components and Unit Vectors
The Vector Field x  4  0.4 ( y  2 x) 
y  3
F   
z  5 0
 200 
Example 
 x x  y y  z z 

a) F  5.946

 0.74 
 0 
F
b)
F  
 0.673 
The Dot product B in the direction of A
You need to normalize a
before the dot product.
A.B = |A||B| cos qAB
The Cross Product

A x B = aN|A||B| sin qAB

 ax ay az 
A  B  Ax Ay Az 
 
 Bx By Bz 

Example

2   4 
A   3  B   2 
   
1  5 

 13 
A  B   14 
 
 16 
 Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System

1 - Unit Vector
  d  df vary with
The coordinate f
Since direction
  dz changes

  df dz 2 – Dot Product

  d  df dz
 Circular Cylindrical Coordinate System

x   cos  f 2 2
 x y  0
y   sin  f
atan 
y
f 
 x
z z
z z

Dot Product
A Ax ax  Ay  ay  Az az

A A  a  Af af  Az az

A A  a Af A  af Az Az

A ( Ax ax  Ay  ay  Az az)  a Ax ax a  Ay  ay  a

Af ( Ax ax  Ay  ay  Az az)  af Ax ax af  Ay  ay  af

ax a cos  f ay a sin  f az az 1
( Ax ax  Ay  ay  Az az)  az Az az az
ax af sin  f ay af cos  f
Az Az

az a az f 0
The Spherical Coordinate System
x r sin  q   cos  f

y r sin  q  sin  f 

z r cos  q 

2 2 2
r x y z r0

acos   z
q 0  q  180
 2 2 2
 x y z 

atan 
y
f 
 x
The Spherical Coordinate System
x r sin  q   cos  f

y r sin  q  sin  f 

z r cos  q 

r dr dq
r sin  q   dr df

r  sin  q   dq df
2

r  sin  q   dr dq df

2
Homework Chapter 1
2  2  2  2 
27. r1  2 r2  4 q1  30  q2  50  f1  20  f2  60 
360 360 360 360

For the volume enclosed within these spherical coordinates, find a) the enclosed volume b) the
surface area c) the total length of the twelve edges of the surface d) the length of the longest straight
line that lies within the volume.

r2 f2 q2
  
r  sin  q  d q d f d r
2
a) Volume     Volume  2.909
  
r1 f1 q1
b) Again, the surface area consists of six sides: 2 different surfaces where q is constant, 2
identical surfaces where f is constant, and 2 different surfaces where r is cons tant.

f2 q2 f2 q2
   
r1  sin  q  d q d f r2  sin  q  d q d f
2 2
r1_surface    r2_surface   
   
f1 q1 f1 q1
r1_surface  0.623
r2_surface  2.494
r2 q2
  f2 r2
f_surface    r dq dr  
  q1_surface    r  sin  q1 d r d f
r1 q1  
f1 r1
f2 r2
f_surface  2.094  
q2_surface    r  sin  q2 d r d f
 
f1 r1
Surface_Area  r1_surface  r2_surface  q1_surface  q2_surface  2f_surface

Surface_Area  12.609