NEWTON’S

THIRD LAW OF
MOTION
“FOR EVERY ACTION, THERE IS AN EQUAL
AND OPPOSITE REACTION.”
Identifying action reaction
forces in the following:
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
According to
Newton, whenever
objects A and B
interact with each
other, they exert
forces upon each
other. When you sit in
your chair, your body
exerts a downward
force on the chair and
the chair exerts an
upward force on your
body.
 NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
There are two
forces resulting from
this interaction - a
force on the chair and
a force on your body.
These two forces are
called action and
reaction forces.
 NEWTON’S 3RD LAW IN NATURE
Consider the propulsion of a
fish through the water. A fish
uses its fins to push water
backwards. In turn, the
water reacts by pushing the
fish forwards, propelling the
fish through the water.
The size of the force on the
water equals the size of the
force on the fish; the
direction of the force on the
water (backwards) is
opposite the direction of the
force on the fish (forwards).
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
Flying gracefully
through the air, birds
depend on Newton’s
third law of motion. As
the birds push down on
the air with their wings,
the air pushes their
wings up and gives
them lift.
Consider the flying motion of birds. A bird
flies by use of its wings. The wings of a bird
push air downwards. In turn, the air reacts
by pushing the bird upwards.
The size of the force on the air equals the
size of the force on the bird; the direction
of the force on the air (downwards) is
opposite the direction of the force on the
bird (upwards).
Action-reaction force pairs make it possible
for birds to fly.
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
Consider the motion
of a car on the way to
school. A car is
equipped with wheels
which spin
backwards. As the
wheels spin
backwards, they grip
the road and push the
road backwards.
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
The reaction of a rocket is
an application of the third
law of motion. Various
fuels are burned in the
engine, producing hot
gases.
The hot gases push against
the inside tube of the rocket
and escape out the bottom
of the tube. As the gases
move downward, the rocket
moves in the opposite
direction.
NEWTON’S 3RD LAW
POINT OF DISCUSSION:
- If there is always an equal and opposite reaction
in every force, shouldn’t the forces always cancel
each other thus producing 0 net force and no
acceleration?
- The action and reaction forces are not exerted on
the same object.
FORCES OF
FRICTION
• What is friction? Can it
be considered as a
reaction force? Why or
why not?
• How would you
differentiate static from
kinetic friction?
WHAT CAUSES FRICTION?
Friction is the force that opposes the motion
between two surfaces that touch.
The surface of any object is rough.
Even an object that feels smooth is covered with
tiny hills and valleys.
The contact between the hills of valleys of two
surfaces causes them to stick, resulting in friction.
WHAT CAUSES FRICTION?
The amount of friction depends on:
•Roughness of the surfaces
•Force pushing the surfaces together.
TYPES OF FRICTION
Kinetic friction occurs when force is applied to
an object and the object moves.
Examples:
Sliding Friction: pushing an object across a surface
Rolling Friction: between wheels and a surface
Fluid Friction: opposes the motion of objects traveling through a
fluid (air or water)
KINETIC FRICTION

Once the Force of Static

Friction is overcome, the FN
Motion
Force of Kinetic Friction
F
is what slows down a
fk
moving object!
Fg

f k  FN   k
 k  coefficient of kinetic friction
TYPES OF FRICTION
Static friction occurs when force applied
to an object does not cause the object to
move.
STATIC FRICTION

The Force of Static

Friction keeps a
FN
stationary object at
F
rest!
fs

f s  FN   s
Fg

 s  coefficient of static friction

AFFECTING FRICTION
To reduce the amount of friction, apply a lubricant between
two surfaces.
Motor oil, wax, and grease are examples.
Friction can also be reduced by rolling, rather than pushing,
an object.
AFFECTING FRICTION

Friction increases as surfaces are made

rougher.
Friction increases when the force between
two objects is increased.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
ACIVITY TIME!
 Thank you for
listening
&
Happy Teaching!

ANNALIZA A. ESTEBAN
MAED- GEN.SCIENCE