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Culture Documents
Update On Otitis Media - Prevention and Treatment
Update On Otitis Media - Prevention and Treatment
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AOM OME CSOM
Acute Otitis Media Otitis Media with Efussion Chronic Supurative Otitis Media
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
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A recent worldwide systematic
review estimated that there are
709 million new cases of AOM
annually, with greater than half in
children under 5 years of age, and
found 31 million new cases of
CSOM, with 22.6% in children
under 5 years.
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ETIOLOGY
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• Streptococcus
pneumonia
Microbial Common • Haemophilus influenza
agent
• Moraxella catarrhalis
Anatomical
Variation
Etiology
• Staphylococcus aureus
Cell biology Lesser
of Middle ear • Streptococcus
cleft and
nasopharynx common pyogenes
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DIAGNOSIS
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Diagnosis
History, Symptoms, Examination
OME
May occur as a residual effect of
AOM AOM, or there may be no preceding CSOM
Short history history
Hearing difficulties, poor attention, Permanent tympanic
Fever, otalgia, irritability, otorrhea,
lethargy, anorexia, vomiting behavioral problems, delayed perforation is detected
speech and language development, alongside middle ear
Mild to severe bulging of tympanic clumsiness, and poor balance
membrane with erythema
mucositis with or without
Otoscopy: include abnormal color persistent otorrhea;
(eg, yellow/amber/blue),
retracted/concave tympanic
membrane, and air–fluid levels.
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CURRENT TREATMENT
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AOM
In general, AOM follows a favorable course without antibiotic treatment, with
analgesia and antipyretics being important. 80% of children have spontaneous relief
of AOM within 2–14 days
Antibiotic treatment
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Current Treatment
OME CSOM
Before treatment: 3-month period of observation with
serial audiometry and assessment of the degree of
hearing loss and the impact on a child’s development
Unlike AOM and OME, the definitive
Guidelines recommend either surgery in the form of management for CSOM is usually
ventilation tubes or hearing aids. surgical
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Emerging strategies
in prevention and
treatment
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Development in
Pneumococcal Microbiology and Drug Delivery to
Genetics
Vaccination Bacterial Middle ear
Resistance
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CONCLUSION
OME and AOM are a significant cause of patient morbidity and cost to the health service. Current
guidelines dictate their treatment, but significant shortcomings remain. Recent advances in the
fields of microbiology, biofilm study, vaccine developments, genetics, and drug delivery offer the
potential for better treatments in the future.
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Thank You