Frequency Distribution

and Histograms
 An internet service provider (ISP) has installed
new computers. To estimate the new download times
its subscribers will experience, the ISP surveyed 1000
of its subscribers to determine the time required for
each subscriber to download a particular file from an
Internet site. The results of the survey are
summarized in the table below.
Grouped Frequency Distribution
Download Time (seconds) Number of Subscribers
0–5 6
5 – 10 17
10 – 15 43
15 – 20 92
20 – 25 151
25 – 30 192
30 – 35 190
35 – 40 149
40 – 45 90
45 – 50 45
50 – 55 15
55 – 60 10
 Histogram
250

200
Number of subscribers

150

100

50

0
5 15 25 35 45 55
Download time (seconds)
Relative Frequency Distribution
Download Time (seconds) Percent of Subscribers
0–5 0.6
5 – 10 1.7
10 – 15 4.3
15 – 20 9.2
20 – 25 15.1
25 – 30 19.2
30 – 35 19.0
35 – 40 14.9
40 – 45 9.0
45 – 50 4.5
50 – 55 1.5
55 – 60 1.0
Relative Frequency Histogram
250

200
Percent of subscribers

150

100

50

0
5 15 25 35 45 55
Download time (seconds)
Use the relative frequency distribution table to
determine the :
a. Percent of subscribers who required at least
25 seconds to download the file.
b. probability that a subscriber chosen at
random will require at least 5 seconds but
less than 20 seconds to download the file.
 Normal Distributions
and the Empirical Rule
Normal distributions

A normal distribution forms a

bell – shaped curve that is symmetric
about a vertical line through the
mean of the data.
‾x – 3SD ‾x – 2SD ‾x – 1SD ‾
X ‾x + 1SD ‾x + 2SD ‾x + 3SD
Properties of a Normal Distribution
Every normal distribution has the following properties:
 The graph is symmetric about a vertical line through
the mean of the distribution.
 The mean, median, and mode are equal.
 The y – value of each point on the curve is the percent
of the data at the corresponding x – value.
 Areas under the curve that are symmetric about the
mean are equal.
 The total area under the curve is 1.
Empirical Rule for a Normal Distribution

 68% of the data lie within 1 standard deviation

of the mean.
 95% of the data lie within 2 standard
deviations of the mean.
 99.7% of the data lie within 3 standard
deviations of the mean.
‾x – 3SD ‾x – 2SD ‾x – 1SD ‾
X ‾x + 1SD ‾x + 2SD ‾x + 3SD
A survey of 1000 U.S gas stations found that the price
charged for a gallon of regular gas could be closely
approximated by a normal distribution with a mean of
$3.10 and a standard deviation of $0.18. How Many of the
stations charge:

a. Between $2.74 and $3.46 for a gallon of regular gas?

b. less than $3.28 for a gallon of regular gas?
c. more than $3.46 for a gallon of regular gas?
Standard Normal Distribution
The normal distribution of z – scores is
called Standard Normal Distribution. It has
a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1.
Z – score is used to convert normal
distribution of data to standard normal
distribution.
1. Find the area of the standard normal distribution between z = -
1.44 and z = 0.

2. Find the area of the standard normal distribution to the right of z =

0.82.

3. A soda machine dispenses soda into 12 – ounce cups. Tests show

that the actual amount of soda dispensed is normally distributed,
with a mean of 11.5 oz and a standard deviation of 0.2 oz.
a. What percent of cups will receive less than 11.25 oz of soda?
b. What percent of cups will receive between 11.2 oz and 11.55 oz
of soda?