Introduction

1. An inverter is a Device That change direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) output.
2. Output is usually 120 or 240 volts at 50-cycle alternating current to Match power.
3. The input voltage, output voltage and frequency, and overall power handling depend on the
design of the specific device or circuitry.
4. The inverter does not produce any power; the power is provided by the DC source
5. Ideal and practical inverter have sinusoidal and no-sinusoidal waveforms at output respectively.
Block diagram of an inverter
Classifications of inverter

 Inverter can be mainly classified into two types-

a) Single-phase inverter
b) Three-phase inverter

 Turn-ON and turn-OFF controlling devices are

a) Bipolar junction transistor[BJTs]
b) Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor[MOSFETs]
c) Insulated-gate bipolar transistor[IGBTs]
d) Gate turn-OFF thyristor[GTOs]
Single Phase Full Bridge Inverter

o Single phase full bridge inverter can be simplifying justified with a switching scheme of full bridge
converter.
o An square wave ac output voltage is synthesized from a dc input by closing and opening the
switches in an appropriate sequence.
o The output voltage can be +Vdc, -Vdc, or zero, depending on which switches are closed.
Operation Of Single Phase Full Bridge
Inverter

 It consists of four choppers. Full bridge converter is also basic circuit to convert dc to ac. An ac
output is synthesized from a dc input by closing and opening switches in an appropriate
sequence. There are also four different states depending on which switches are closed.
 When transistors T1 and T2 are turned on simultaneously, the input voltage appears across the
load. If transistor and are turned on at the same time, the voltage across the is reversed and is –
Vs.
 Transistor T1 and T2 acts as switches S1 and S2. , respectively.
Block diagram
When S1-S2 Turn ON & S3-S4 OFF For T1 < T
< T2
When S1-S2 Turn Off & S3-S4 On For T2 < T
< T3

When S1-S2 Turn Off & S3-S4 On For T2 < T < T3

 The output load voltage alternates between +Vs when T1 and T2 are on and -Vs when T3 and T4
are on, irrespective of the direction of current flow. It is assumed that the load current does not
become discontinuous at any time. In the following analysis we assume that the load current
does not become discontinuous at any time, same as for the half-bridge circuit.
 Bridge inverters are preferred over other arrangements in higher power ratings.
 With the same dc input voltage, output voltage is twice that of the half bridge inverter.
Waveform
 Sine Wave inverter

1. A power inverter device which produces a multiple step

sinusoidal AC waveform is referred to as a sine wave inverter.

1. To more clearly distinguish the inverters with outputs of

much less distortion than the “modified sine wave” (three
step) inverter designs, the manufacturers often use the
phrase pure sine wave inverter
 Battery

1. The runtime of an inverter is dependent on the battery

power and the amount of power being drawn from the
inverter given time.
2. When attempting to add more batteries to an inverter,
there are two basic options for installation: -

• Series configuration
• Parallel configuration
 advantages

 The price is very cheap; can work with ordinary light bulbs, fans, etc.(Square Sine wave inverter)
 High quality and inexpensive; using modified square wave; output correction waveform;
relatively stable; suitable for ordinary personal users with TV, fan, lamp, computer, hot pot
etc.(Modified Sine wave Inverters)
 Full power output; protection functions; improved modified sine wave output steady; low-power
machines also built in fan, you can keep your machine to use for long time; no similar products
on the market; can bring printers, rice cookers, vacuum cleaners, small refrigerators and of small
appliances (Sine wave Inverters)
 Pure sine wave inverter output waveform is good; low distortion; low interference to radio and
equipment; low noise. In addition, protective functions; high efficiency; suitable for use in the
communications, industrial electricity by enterprises and other users
 DISADVANTAGES

 Square wave output waveform and not stable enough. (Square Sine wave inverter)
 Lack of power, cannot run the appliances with same power labeled; it's easy to damage the
machine if customers are not familiar with the operation, the user needs to strictly follow the
manufacturers' instructions. (Modified Sine wave Inverters)
 Higher prices, the domestic customers know less about it (Sine wave Inverters)
 line is relatively complex; high technically demanding for maintenance; more expensive.(Pure
sine wave inverter)
 Application

1. Used in ups with battery's

2. Used in solar panel
3. Used in HVDC transmission
4. Used in backup purpose
Thank you

Thank you