CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

MATHEMATICS
(Ordinary Differential Equation)

Chemical Engineering Program

Department of Industrial and Process Technology
 direct integration
exact solution
linear separation variable
changing variable
1st ODE
integrating factor

non linear bernoulli equation

ODE
a, b, c konstan

2nd ODE y = emx

a, b, c tidak konstan
series solution

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 Direct Integration
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥) Example : = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 = 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 3𝑥 2 + 𝐶

Separation Variable
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 6𝑥
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) Example : =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑦 + 3
𝑦 + 3 𝑑𝑦 = 6𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1 2
𝑦 + 3𝑦 = 3𝑥 2
2
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 Changing Variable
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 6𝑥 + 𝑦
= 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) Example : =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
Substitution : 𝑦=𝑣𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑣 𝑥 ; 𝑣 = 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑 6𝑥 + 𝑣 𝑥
(𝑣 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑𝑣
𝑣+𝑥 =6+𝑣
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑣 = 6
𝑥
𝑣 = 6 ln 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦 = 6𝑥 ln 𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥
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 Exact Solution
𝑑𝜑 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
Chain rule 𝑑𝜑 = 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 𝜕𝜑 𝜕 𝜕𝜑
Continous function =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥

𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝜑
𝑀 𝑥, 𝑦 = & 𝑁 𝑥, 𝑦 =
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

𝜕𝑁 𝜕𝑀
=
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

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 Exact Solution
2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

M N
𝜕𝜑
= 2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2 .....(Eq. 1) (Eq. 4) (Eq. 2)
𝜕𝑥
2
𝑑𝑓
2𝑥 𝑦 + = 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑦 .....(Eq. 5)
𝜕𝜑 𝑑𝑦
= 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑦 .....(Eq. 2)
𝜕𝑦 Integrate Eq. 5
𝑓 𝑦 = 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶2 .....(Eq. 6)
Integrate Eq. 1
𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑓(𝑦) .....(Eq. 3) (Eq. 6) (Eq. 3)

𝜑 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶2 .....(Eq. 7)
𝜕𝜑 2
𝑑𝑓 .....(Eq. 4)
= 2𝑥 𝑦 +
𝜕𝑦 𝑑𝑦

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 Exact Solution
2𝑥𝑦 2 + 2 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 + 4𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0

M N
𝑑𝜑 𝑥, 𝑦 = 0 𝜑 = 𝐶1

(Eq. 7) 𝐶1 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 2 + 𝐶2

𝐶1 − 𝐶2 = 𝐾 = 𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 2

𝐾 − 2𝑥
𝑦=± 2
𝑥 +2

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 Integrating Factor
𝑑𝑦 𝑃 𝑑𝑥
+𝑃𝑦 =𝑄 Solution : 𝐼=𝑒
𝑑𝑥

P, Q konstan 𝐼. 𝑦 = 𝑄. 𝐼 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐶

1 𝐶
𝑦= 𝑄. 𝐼 𝑑𝑥 +
𝐼 𝐼
Bernoulli Equation
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑 1−𝑛
+ 𝑃 𝑦 = 𝑄 𝑦𝑛 Solution : 𝑦 + 𝑃 𝑦 (1−𝑛) = 𝑄
𝑑𝑥 1 − 𝑛 𝑑𝑥

Substitusi z = y(1-n)

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 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎 2
+𝑏 +𝑐𝑦 =𝐷
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Unforced Equation
𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎 + 𝑏 +𝑐𝑦 = 0 D = 0 & a, b, c constant
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
m = riel & different
Solution
𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
= 𝑚 2 𝑚𝑥
𝑒
𝑦 = 𝐴 𝑒𝑚 1𝑥 + 𝐵 𝑒𝑚 2𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 = 𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
m = imaginer (α+βj)
𝑎 𝑚2 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝛼𝑥 𝐴 cos 𝛽𝑥 + 𝛽 sin 𝛽𝑥
𝑎 𝑚2 + 𝑏 𝑚 + 𝑐 = 0
m = riel & same
m1 = .....
m2 = .....
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 𝐴 + 𝐵𝑥

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 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎 2
+𝑏 +𝑐𝑦 =𝐷
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
Forced Equation
2 𝑎 𝑚2 + 𝑏 𝑚 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑎 +𝑏 + 𝑐 𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥) m1 = .....
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑𝑦
m2 = .....
C P
Particularly Part
y = yc(x) + yp(x) 𝑑𝑦𝑃
𝑦𝑃 = 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐺𝑥 + 𝐻 = 2𝐹𝑥 + 𝐺
𝑑𝑥
Complementary Part 𝑑2 𝑦𝑃
= 2𝐹
𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑦=𝑒 = 𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 = 𝑚 2 𝑚𝑥
𝑒
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 2
𝑎 2𝐹 + 𝑏 2𝐹𝑥 + 𝐺 + 𝑐 𝐹𝑥 2 + 𝐺𝑥 + 𝐻 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑎 𝑚2 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑚 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 = 0

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