CHAPTER 8

LIGHT
AND
OPTICS
 KEYWORDS (page 221)

•Angle of •Refraction
reflection •Dispersion
•Real
•Object distance
•Virtual •Image distance
•Reflection
 What
can you
see from
the
picture?
 Sea water Space

Why they look blue when the sun is shining?

Why shadow? Why rainbow?

Why? Why? Why?

Why shadow? Why rainbow?

We will learn all this in chapter 8

8.1 THE USE OF MIRROR
We use the
mirror
everyday by
using
plane mirror
 IMAGE
Real image Virtual image
Forms on Cannot be
a screen formed on a
screen
Real image
Virtual image

Image: upright, same size, same distance, virtual, laterally inverted

An arties drew the picture below. Can you find eight mistakes in
this drawing? One has been circled for you
An arties drew the picture below. Can you find eight mistakes in
this drawing? One has been circled for you
3 type of mirrors
 Difference between
concave and convex mirror
 Difference between
concave and convex mirror
 USAGE OF
PLANE MIRROR
Helps a
dancer to
correct their
movement
 USAGE OF
PLANE MIRROR

Room
look
spacious
 USAGE OF CONCAVE MIRROR

Magnify the
image
-easier for
someone to apply
make up
USAGE OF CONCAVE MIRROR

Used by a dentist
-patients teeth
looks bigger and
closer
 USAGE OF CONVEX MIRROR

Used as a safety
feature at
dangerous corner
of a road
USAGE OF CONVEX MIRROR

Help shopkeeper
to see every
corner to prevent
theft
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS THAT APPLY THE CONCEPT OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT

PERISCOPE
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS THAT APPLY THE CONCEPT OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT

KALEIDOSCOPE
8.2 PROPERTIES OF LIGHT
Why do wee
see lightning
before we hear
thunder??
 1. The speed of light is
8 -1
3.0x10 ms . Light travel
much faster than sound.
2. Light travels in straight lines
How shadows are formed?
1.Sunlight travels in
straight lines
2.Ring is an opaque
object, sunlight cannot
pass through it
3.When light is blocked,
shadow is formed.
 The length
of shadow will
be different
based on the
position of MORNING

EVENING
sun
NOON
APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SHADOW

THE SUNDIAL
APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SHADOW

SHADOW
PLAY
VIDEO
Formative Practice 8.1
1. - Convex mirror
- Image looks thinner
2. Reflect the light so that image will be
formed in the eyes
3. Lift looks spacious and can you can see
what happen around (eg: prevent
theft)
Formative Practice 8.2
1. - Afternoon
- above
2.
8.3 REFLECTION OF LIGHT
light bounces
off the surface
of an object
Law of Reflection:-
i) The incident ray, reflected ray and the normal are all lie on the
same plane
normal

incident reflected
ray ray

plane mirror
Law of Reflection:-
ii) The angle of incident, i is equal to the angle of reflection, r
normal

angle of angle of
incidence reflection
incident reflected
ray ray

plane mirror
APPLICATIONS OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT
EXP 8.1: REFLECTION
8.4 REFRACTION OF LIGHT
bending of a
light ray when it
enters a
medium of
different density
 Deep pond
appear to be
shallower

Fish
Appears to
be more
closer
Pencil look
bent in a
glass of
water
 MEDIUM: Any substance that light passes through such as air,
water and glass

When light travels from one transparent medium to another

at an angle, it will bend. This effects is called refraction.
Light bends
towards
normal line (less dense medium)

when it
travels from (denser medium)

air to water
 Light bends
away from
(less dense medium)
normal line
(denser medium)
when it
travels from
water to air
BUT, when light hits the surface at 90o, it is not refracted

(less dense medium)

(less dense medium)

(denser medium)
(denser medium)
OTHER EXAMPLE:
A fish in a river
will look as if it is
closer in the
water due to
refraction too.
How should you
do so that you can
catch the fish?
EXP 8.2: REFRACTION
EXP 8.2: REFRACTION
8.5 DISPERSION OF LIGHT

Why?
How?
1.White light – consists of 7 colours
2.Different colour, different speed
3.Higher speed, less refracted RED
- Highest speed
- least refracted

VIOLET
- Lowest speed
- Most refracted
1. During the
heavy rain,
there are a lot
of rain water
droplets
floating in the
sky.
2. Sunlight
entering the
droplets of
rain water will
be refracted
and dispersed
into the seven
colours of
light.
The seven colours
of light are
reflected and
refracted out of the
rain water droplets
into the air to form
a spectrum of
sunlight known as a
rainbow.
ACT 8.7: DISPERSION OF LIGHT
Page: 238
8.6 SCATTERING OF LIGHT
 Different
wavelength of light INFO
Short
path

Long path

Different thickness
of atmosphere
BLUE
(midday)
- Air particles smaller than wavelength of visible light
- most effective scatterers of shorter wavelength (blue)
- Blue light scattered the most in all diections
- THEREFORE, SKY LOOKS BLUE
 RED
(sunset)
- Atmosphere thick (sun at horizon)
- Shorter wavelengths (blue) are scattered away
- Only red light (less scattered) reaches our eye
- THEREFORE, SKY LOOKS RED
ACT 8.8: SCATTERING OF LIGHT
Page: 240
 8.7 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT

COLOURED LIGHT Can be categorized into 2 types

Produced when all • Basic colour
3 primary colours • Cannot produced by
mixed together colour mixing

• produced from mixing of 2 colours

ACT 8.9: ADDITION OF LIGHT
Page: 242
THE SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT
Why do we see banana
is yellow?
THE SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT
Why do we see banana
as yellow?

The same colour light (with opaque objects)

will be reflacted directly into our eyes
THE SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT
Why do we see banana
as yellow?

OTHER COLOURS?
Will be absorbed by the objects
Object with secondary
colours will reflect the
light which has the
same colours as them
and primary colours
which form them
THE PRINCIPLE OF LIGHT
SUBTRACTION
Object with primary
colours will only reflect
the light which has the
same colours as them
Blue filter after red filter

No light
formed
ACT 8.10: SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT
Page: 244
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT

Mixing of primary Occur when opaque

colour lights to object reflects the
produce secondary light of same colour
colour lights and absorb the
other colour
EXAMPLES OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT

Colour television

Coloured light
on stage
EXAMPLES OF ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF LIGHT
Coloured light
in a stadium

Coloured light
at KLCC
CHECK YOUR ANSWER..

Summative
practice
8