STEP

A S SSTEP
UMPTION S T AT I S T I C A L

01 HYPOTHESIS (NULL 04
HYPOTHESIS)

LEVEL OF STEP
H Y STEP
POTHESIS
02 SIGNIFICANCE. 05

STEP
T H ESTEP
ORETICAL EMPIRICAL
03
HYPOTHESIS HYPOTHESIS 06
 ASSUMPTION

Is a researcher’s
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The basic assumption
01 here. This is the

belief that the

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in research is that
relationship
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here. This is the here. This is the
between two
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variables of the certain system or

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research exist and

here. This is the here. This is the
pattern.
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can be covered
 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS Example
Is a researcher ‘s research problem:

prediction of the Do the more the senior

high school students
02 research answer.
listen to English songs,
the better they
pronounce English
words?
 RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
HYPOTHESIS :
ASSUMPTION : there is Students who listen
a correlation between to English songs more

02 the frequency of have better English

listening to English pronounciation than
songs and the those who don’t
students’ listen to English songs
pronounciation.
 THEORETICAL
HYPOTHESIS

It is used to predict
is the prediction of
the outcome of the
research answer
research.
based on the theory
or logical common
03 sense.
 S TAT I S T I C A L
HYPOTHESIS/NULL Statistical hypothesis or
HYPOTHESIS
You Null hypothesis
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text here.
is can replace your text
a hypothesis here.says
that Type
04 your detailed description your detailed description
transformed from the
there is no statistical
related theoretical
significance
You between
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your detailed description
hypothesis. Statistical
your detailed description
the two variables in the
hypothesis or Null
hypothesis. In short, it is
hypothesis (Ho) allows the
the
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Type You can replace your text here. Type
your detailed description
result of data analysis to
your detailed description
researcher is trying to
show the research finding.
reject.
 S TAT I S T I C A L
HYPOTHESIS/NULL
HYPOTHESIS(Ho)
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You stating
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text here.
04 Example of null
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hypothesis, we must
hypothesis:
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difference Type know
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your text
your detailed description your detailed description
English pronounciation significance to be able
between the students to reject or accept the
who
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replace to English
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null hypothesis.
your detailed description your detailed description
songs and those who
don’t.
 LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANCE (α ) The level of significance
Is the probability of is connected with the
being wrong or the confidence level (c).
probability to reject a The relationship
05
null hypothesis by the between level of
test when it is really significance and the
true. confidence level is
c=1−α.
 LEVEL OF
SIGNIFICANCE (α )

Level of Level of difference Null Hypothesis Teoretical Hypothesis

significance confidence

<.05 >.95 Significant rejected supported

>.05 <.95 Not significant Not rejected Not supported

05 In the data analysis, for example, it is obtained that the level of

significance (α) is 0.03 (3%), it means the level of confidence (c) is 0.97
(97%). It indicates that the difference in the research is significant, then the
null hypothesis is rejected. The theoretical hypothesis, therefore, is
supported by the empirical research finding. In short, the theoretical
hypothesis matches the research findings.
 LEVEL OF
The theoretical
SIGNIFICANCE (α )
hypothesis, therefore, is
However, if it is obtained
not supported by the
that the level of significance
empirical research finding.
(α) is 0.06 (6%), it means the
It can be said that the
05 level of confidence (c) is 0.94
theoretical hypothesis is
(94%). It indicates that the
only true theoretically but
difference in the research is
it is not supported by
not significant, then the null
hypothesis is not rejected . empirical research
findings.
 EMPIRICAL
HYPOTHESIS
For example the research
is a temporary hypothesis
on the theory of how a
based on data analysis
child acquires his first
especially in the qualitative
language. The researcher
research. The researcher
makes some empirical
needs to state more than one
empirical hypothesis until the hypothesa based on the

06 empirical hypothesis becomes observations before he

final conclusion from the comes to the final
research. conclusion.
 Verifying theory
Asking questions Theoretical
Hypothesis

M
A
Collecting data T
C
h

Drawing
analyzing data
conclusions