GEOGRAFI PARIWISATA

INTERNASIONAL.
MINGGU 1
WHAT IS TOURISM?
In geographical perspectives

 The annual migration of millions travelers worldwide within the activity

labelled as “tourism” comprises such spatial and human movement issues that
should not be ignored by human geographer
 the range of impacts that the movement of people on this scale inevitably
produces at local, regional, national and, increasingly, at international level.
 Tourism appears as a mirror of contemporary lifestyles, tastes and
preferences and, more fundamentally, an embedded facet of (post)modern
life that is strongly related to human cultural identity as an essential
component in modern mobilities
NEW CONCEPTION OF TOURISM

 It is difficult (and pointless) to define tourism in spatial terms: it is simply not

behaviour that only takes place away from home’ – a thesis that is reinforced
by Urry’s (2000)
 the excessively mobile societies of the twenty-first century, much of life is
lived in a touristic manner
 People tend to pose multiple home whereas the “home-away” concept
become less meaningful presently
THREE MAIN PROBLEMS OF TOURISM

 The enumeration of tourists at a national or international level may be

problematic
 Tourism is not therefore an industry in any conventional sense
 The lack of unified conceptual grounding for the study of tourism
Tourist motivation and
behaviour
THE NATURE OF TOURIST EXPERIENCE

 The transformation appears as tourism that was previously seen as

essentially-distinct from everyday life, to a postmodern perspective in which
tourism becomes an embedded facet of life and where the meanings attached
to the act of touring are negotiated at an individual level and are contingent
on the context
 THE NATURE OF
TOURIST EXPERIENCE
GEOGRAPHY AND THE STUDY OF
TOURISM
 Butler (2004) suggests that three distinct eras of development may be discerned: pre-
1950; 1950 to circa 1980; and circa 1980–present
 The pre-1950 period is labelled by Butler as ‘the descriptive era’. Here the study of
tourism was uncommon within human geography and an activity of marginal interest or
relevance
 Between 1950 (when the first reliable data on tourism began to emerge) and the early
1980s the study of geography of tourism entered “the thematic era” as connection
between tourism with some wider agenda of discipline became more evident (Butler,
2004) – related to the issues of spatial distribution of tourism phenomena, tourists
mobvement, tourism impact, etc.
 Third, Butler (2004) describes the period since the mid-1980s as being ‘the era of
diversity’. As the scale of tourism has grown and become more diverse in its composition
(e.g., through the emergence of niche markets in areas such as adventure and eco-
tourism or the widening popularity of heritage tourism), so the approach to the study of
tourism has, in itself, tended to become more diverse
Some important shifts in the nature of
geographical approaches to the study of
tourism

 Cultural turn: Issues of how places and their people are represented (and the
subjective nature of those representations), how identities are constructed
(especially in relation to difference, or – in the language of cultural studies –
Others), or how patterns of consumption become embedded in cultural rather
than economic processes, have defined a new agenda for the subject
 Tourism is seen as practice rather than merely product
Five areas of conceptual thinking that
are relevant to tourism geography
 Modernity and mobility
 Globalisation
 New geographies of production and consumption
 Consumption and identity
 Sustainability
Discussion

 Apa pentingnya kategorisasi tipe wisatawan dan tipe wisata dalam studi
geografi pariwisata?
 Bagaimana memahami motivasi wisatawan dapat membantu kita dalam
menginterpretasi pola geografis pariwisata?