PIMPRI CHINCHWAD COLLEGE OF

ENGINEERING
1

A Project review (3rd)

Presentation
On
“Interface behaviour of geo-grid with crusher dust
using direct shear test”

Prepared By:- Under the Guidance of:-

1. Salunke Onkar (BECV141) Prof. S.P. Banne

2. Sanap Rahul (BECV142)
3. Sawant Prithviraj (BECV144)
4. Shinde Swapnil (BECV174)

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 1
Nigdi.
 Suggestion given and action taken after
second presentation

Suggestions:-
1) Give numbers to objectives instead of giving bullets.
2) Modify the time scale chart as per academic calendar.

Action taken:-
1) Numbers given to objectives.
2) Time scale chart is modified as per academic calendar.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 2
Nigdi.
 Probable Content :
Problem Statement
Introduction
Aim & Objective
Literature Review
Index Properties
Methodology
Time Scale Chart
References

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 3
Nigdi.
Problem statement -
To study the behavior of Crusher dust with Geo-grid
interface, in direct shear test.

 Need behind selection of topic :-

 Conventional materials like natural soils, broken rock pieces, sand are
popularly used in the construction of structures like roads, embankments,
reclamation of grounds etc.
 Procurement of such materials in huge quantities have been becoming very
difficult and presence of plastic fines in the soils causes excess deformations
which proves to be costly for the maintenance of structures.
 Keeping this in mind and utilization of waste products in bulk quantities has
been searched, from which crusher dust is selected as an alternate material
in place of sand.
 Before using these material as filling material it is necessary to check the
behaviour of material for various parameters.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 4
Nigdi.
 Introduction
 Basically fill material is Cohesion-less such as sand,
murrum.
 If we introduce the flexible geo-synthetics
in this fill material resulting in composite material.
 The sand and geo-synthetics are combined through
friction.
 The result is monolithic mass that acts cohesively
supporting its own weight and applied load.
 Differential settlement is eliminated and bearing capacity
increases.
 Hence we decided to introduce the geo-synthetic material
in crusher sand.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 5
Nigdi.
 Geo-grid

Geo-grid in road construction

Source – Google Images

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 6
Nigdi.
 Aim & Objective
Aim: To investigate the interface behaviour of sand geo-grid
in direct shear test.

Objectives:
1) To investigate the effect of geogrid on shear strength
parameters in different sands.
2) To study the performance of crusher dust as a geotechnical
material.
3) To investigate the effect of sand geogrid interface on bearing
capacity.
4) To suggest the suitable combination of sand and geo-grid.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 7
Nigdi.
 Literature Review
Sr Title Author Description Conclusion
No.
1. Interaction Md. Bellal 1. Three backfills soils 1. The interface direct
Properties of Hossain, Md. (sandy, clayey, and pure shear tests were carried
Geo-synthetic Zakaria sand) in combination out to evaluate the
with different Hossain, with four different geo- interaction properties of a
Backfill Toshinori synthetics (one new type of geo-synthetic
Soil. Sakai (2013) geotextile and three material with three
[ISOR Journal geo-grids) were tested at different backfill soils.
of Mechanical various loading 2. The constitutive
and Civil conditions in direct behaviour of the
Engineering shear. geotextile and geo- grid
(IOSR-JMCE) ] 2. Test results reveal interfaces with sandy and
that the stress- clayey soil is found
deformation behaviour similar in nature which
of the geotextile and can be defined as
geo-grid interfaces with hyperbolic relation- ship.
sandy and clayey In case of pure sand-
backfills can be defined geotextile interface
as hyperbolic. behaviour is also
hyperbolic.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 8
Nigdi.
Sr. Title Author and Description Conclusion
No. Year
2. 1. Crusher dust has 1. Crusher dust
A Study on the P. V. V wider applications particles are similar
Performance of Satyanarayana, in the areas of to sand particles
Crusher Dust In Place N. Pradeep, infrastructural and offer more
Of Sand and Red Soil N. Nandhini, facilities as a shear strength at
as A Subgrade And (2012) retaining material wider variation of
Fill Material . without moisture contents
[International Journal Reinforcement, fill by maintain high
of Advanced Civil material in dry densities and
Engineering Highway can with stand high
Research.] construction, etc. strengths in terms
2. In north coastal of CBR and angle
districts of Andhra of shearing
Pradesh abundant resistance which
quantities of can be used as fill
crusher dust has and sub grade
been produced and material in place of
its production is Red soil and sand
nearly 24 lakh
tones per annum.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 9
Nigdi.
Sr Title Author and Description Conclusion
No. Year
3. Behavior of Chia-Nan Liu, 1. The test results show that 1. In addition to the shear
Geo-grid- Jorge G. the shear strength of sand- resistance components sand
Sand Interface Zornberg, geo-grid interfaces under internal
in Direct Tsong-Chia direct shear mode is and sand-geo-grid rib
Shear Mode Chen, significantly interfaces, the passive
[American Yu-Hsien Ho, higher than that of sand- resistance induced
Society of Bo-Hung geotextile interfaces. by transverse ribs provides
Civil Lin(2012) an additional contribution to
Engineering 2. Analysis of shear the shear strength of sand-
(ASCE)] displacement-strength geo-grid interfaces under
response of the interfaces direct shear
indicates that, in addition mode.
to interface shear components 2. The shear stress of the
due to sand-rib friction and sand-geo-grid interface
sand-sand shear at the continues to increase, with a
location of the openings, the peak interface shear
transverse ribs provide strength approaching
additional contribution to the the shear strength of the
overall sand-geogrid interface sand at comparatively large
resistance. shear displacements.

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 10
Nigdi.
Sr Title Author and Description Conclusion
No. Year
4. 1. Conventional materials 1. Test Results says that
A Study on Satyanarayana for construction of roads crusher dust and Sand are
Performance P.V.V. need huge quantities of two coarse grained, non
of Crusher Sai Chaitanya materials. Most of the plastic materials can be
Dust in Place VarmaN., materials are natural chosen as construction
of Sand as A Krishna soils, kankar, rock material.
Sub-Grade Chaitanya fragments etc. 2. Combination of Crusher
and Fill Ganga Raj 2. Natural soils containing dust and sand coherently
Material in (2013) plastic fines like silt and give high strength values in
Geo- clay particles cause huge terms of Angle of shearing
Technical amount of deformation resistance (380)and CBR
[Applications under heavy loads at (14%) can be effectively
International saturated conditions and used in civil construction as
Journal of their settlement leads to Embankment, Sub-grade,
Advanced several failures. fill material, and Reinforced
Civil earth material.
Engineering
Research]

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 11
Nigdi.
Sr Title Author and Description Conclusion
No. Year
5. Simple Krunoslav 1. Modern building practice 1. It is shown that with this
Procedure of Minazek , in construction of roads, test, which is intended to be
geo-grid soil Mensur geotechnical constructions performed at construction
interaction Mulabdic of embankments and site, comparison of
efficiency (2011) retaining structures, in efficiency of some grid in
assessment. improvement of foundation reinforced soil, by
[International soil and in hydro-technical measuring the increase in
Journal of works often uses the "natural" slope angle, in
Geosciences] technique of reinforced relation to the non-
soil. reinforced (natural) soil can
2. There are many types of be made, but with limited
geo-grids which are used in reliability and with limited
practice that differ in success for practical
geometry (size and shape of purposes
the apertures between grid 2. soils with smaller particle
ribs, thickness and geometry sizes give smaller increase
of ribs), way of production in improvement, soils with
(monolithic, welded) and larger particle sizes and
rigidity (rigid and flexible). soils with coarser particles
All these and some other give greater interaction with
factors affect geo-grids.
soil-grid interaction.
Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 12
Nigdi.
Sr Title Author and Description Conclusion
No. Year
6. Effect of Geo- Mohammad 1. When grids are used, soil 1. Results showed that for
grid Aperture Saleh Ahmadi particles enter in grid each type of soil, there are
Size and Soil and Parastoo apertures and effect of optimum grid aperture
Particle Size Nikbakht interlocking develops due to dimensions based on the
on Moghadam limited possibility for soil particle size. With
Geo-grid Soil (2017) particles to move. In smaller apertures soil and
Interaction the same time, grid apertures geo-grid interlock
under Pull- are deformed and as a improperly, which leads to
Out Loading reaction grid ribs act with low POR with highly
[International additional lateral stresses to scattered results. Large
Journal of soil particles improving soil apertures decrease the
Advanced strength and stiffness. frictional force between soil
Civil and geo-grid and result in
Engineering low POR. It was concluded
Research] that selecting the proper
aperture dimensions
depends on soil gradation.
2. It was observed that the
soil particle size
considerably
influences the POR. Larger
particles result in higher
Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE, POR.
10/2/2019 13
Nigdi.
 Methodology
Literature Procurement Material Evaluation of
Review of material Testing Shear Strength
Parameters,
Shear Strength
Index and and Bearing
Problem Crusher Dust, Capacity
Engineering
Statement Sand and Geo-
Properties of
grid
Material

Objectives of Result Analysis

the Project and Discussion

Conclusion
Methodology

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 14
Nigdi.
 Project Planning
Semester I Semester II
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Fe Mar Apr
-17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -17 -18 b -18 -18
-18
Literature Review

Identification of
problem & objective
Procurement of
Material
Index & Engg
Properties of sand
Analysis

Results & Discussion

Conclusion

Report Writing

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 15
Nigdi.
 TESTING PROGRAM
SR. No Soil Type Geo-grid Normal Shear Stress Results
(aperture stress (kg/cm²)
size) (kg/cm²)
1 Natural Sand - 0.5 0.5233 C=0
2 - 1.0 1.06411
ɸ=47.14˚
3 - 2.0 2.25033

4 Crusher - 0.5 0.06225 C=0

5 Dust - 1.0 0.5740
ɸ=53.69˚
6 - 2.0 1.9989

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 16
Nigdi.
 INDEX PROPERTIES OF SOIL
 Specific Gravity:-
IS 2720 ( Part-II ) 1964

1 . Specific Gravity of Natural Sand

2. Specific Gravity of Crusher Dust

 Sieve Analysis:-
IS 2720 ( Part- IV ) 1985

1. Natural Sand

2. Crusher Dust

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 17
Nigdi.
 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF SOIL

 Direct Shear Test:-

IS 2720 ( Part-39/Sec-I ) 1977

1.Natural Sand
( with & without geo-grid)

2. Crusher Dust
( with & without geo-grid)

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 18
Nigdi.
 Specific Gravity of Natural Sand
(by pycnometer)
Sample No 1 Sample No 2

M1 = 677.00gm M1 = 704.50gm
Where,

M2 = 1182.50gm M2 =1257.50gm M1 – Empty Weight of

Pycnometer
M3 = 2004.50gm M3 =2054.50gm
M2 –Weight of Pycnometer +
Sand
M4 =1683.50gm M4 =1708.00gm
M3 – Weight of pycnometer +
Sp.Gravity =2.74 Sp.Gravity =2.68 sand + water

M4 – Weight of pycnometer +
Avg. Sp. gravity =2.71 water

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 19
Nigdi.
Pycnometer Bottle 1/3rd Pycnometer Bottle filled
filled with natural sand with natural sand + water

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 20
Nigdi.
 Specific Gravity of Crusher Dust
(by pycnometer)

Sample No 1 Sample No 2

M1 = 677.00gm M1 =704.50gm
Where,

M2 =1199.50gm M2 =1240.50gm M1 – Empty Weight of

Pycnometer
M3 =2030.00gm M3 =2061.50gm M2 –Weight of Pycnometer +
Sand
M4 =1683.50gm M4 =1708.00gm M3 – Weight of pycnometer +
sand + water
Sp.Gravity =2.97 Sp.Gravity =2.94
M4 – Weight of pycnometer +
water
Avg. Sp. gravity =2.955

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 21
Nigdi.
 Pycnometer bottle 1/3rd Filled with crusher Dust

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 22
Nigdi.
 Sieve Analysis (Crusher Dust)
SR.No IS sieve Wt. retained % wt Cumulative Cumulative
(gm) retained % retained % finer
1. 4.75 mm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

2. 2.36 mm 116.7 11.67 11.67 88.33

3. 1.18 mm 480.4 48.04 59.71 40.29

4. 600 micron 154.35 15.435 75.14 24.86

5. 300 micron 84.95 08.495 83.635 16.365

6. 150 micron 35.40 03.54 87.175 12.825

7. 75 micron 27.00 02.70 89.875 10.125

8. Receiver 101.20 10.12 100 0

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 23
Nigdi.
 Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 24
Nigdi.
 Sieve Analysis (Natural Sand)
SR. No IS sieve Wt. retained % of Cumulative Cumulative
(gm) Wt.retained % retained % finer
1. 4.75 mm 16.40 1.64 1.64 98.36

2. 2.36 mm 90.00 9.00 10.64 89.36

3. 1.18 mm 537.60 53.76 64.50 35.60

4. 600 micron 205.10 20.51 84.91 15.09

5. 300 micron 120.10 12.01 96.92 03.08

6. 150 micron 21.30 02.13 99.05 0.95

7. 75 micron 4.50 0.45 99.60 0.4

8. Receiver 4.90 0.49 100 0.00

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 25
Nigdi.
 Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 26
Nigdi.
 Sieve analysis by mechanical sieve shaker
Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 27
Nigdi.
 Direct Shear Test ( Crusher Dust)
SR.No Normal Stress No Of Division Load (Kg) Shear Stress
(kg/cm²) (kg/cm²)

1. 0.5 9 2.241 0.06225

2. 1.0 83 20.667 0.57400

3. 1.5 214 53.286 1.48010

4. 2.0 289 71.961 1.99890

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 28
Nigdi.
 Calculation Of Shear Strength Parameters By
Using Mohr – Coulomb Equation (Crusher Dust) :-

τf = C + σtanϕ

0.05740 = C + tanϕ
1.99890 = C +2tanϕ

ϕ = 54.93˚ C = 0

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 29
Nigdi.
Normal Stress Shear Stress
0.5 0.06225
1 0.574
1.5 1.4801
2 1.9989

tanθ = 1.34321

θ= 53.69˚

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 30
Nigdi.
 Proving ring and Dial gauge in
direct shear test apparatus

Direct shear test apparatus

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,
10/2/2019 31
Nigdi.
 Direct Shear Test ( Natural Sand)
SR.No Normal Stress No Of Division Load (Kg) Shear Stress
(kg/cm²) (kg/cm²)

1. 0.5 60 18.84 0.5233

2. 1.0 122 38.308 1.06411

3. 1.5 146 45.844 1.2734

4. 2.0 258 81.012 2.2503

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 32
Nigdi.
 Calculation Of Shear Strength Parameters By
Using Mohr – Coulomb Equation (Natural Sand) :-

τf = C + σtanϕ

1.06413= C + tanϕ
2.25033= C +2tanϕ

ϕ = 47.14˚ C = 0

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 33
Nigdi.
Normal Stress Shear Stress
(kg) (kg/cm²)
0.5 0.5233
1 1.06411
1.5 1.27344
2 2.25033

tanϕ = 1.07808

ϕ= 47.14˚
Shear Stress vs Normal Stress
2.5

2
Shear Stress
1.5

0.5

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Normal Stress

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 34
Nigdi.
 TESTING PROGRAM
SR. No Soil Type Geo-grid Normal Shear Stress Results
(aperture stress (kg/cm²)
size) (kg/cm²)
1 Natural Sand - 0.5 0.5233 C=0
2 - 1.0 1.06411
ɸ=47.14˚
3 - 2.0 2.25033

4 Crusher Dust - 0.5 0.06225 C=0

5 - 1.0 0.5740
ɸ=53.69˚
6 - 2.0 1.9989

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 35
Nigdi.
 TESTING PROGRAM
SR. No Soil Type Geo-grid Normal Shear Stress Results
(aperture stress (kg/cm²)
size) (kg/cm²)
7 Natural Sand - 0.5
8 + - 1.0
Crusher
9 Dust - 2.0

10 Natural Sand GG1 0.5

(12.5 x 12.5)
11 GG2 1.0
(25 x 25 )
12 GG3 2.0
(37.5 x 37.5)

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 36
Nigdi.
 REFERENCES
[1]. P. V. V. Satyanarayana, N. Pradeep, N. Nandhini (2013) , “A study on
the Performance of Crusher dust in place of sand and red soil as A
subgrade and fill material”, ISOR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) , Volume 9 PP 53 – 57.

[2]. Md. Bellal Hossain, Md. Zakaria Hossain, Toshinori Sakai (2012),
“Interaction Properties of Geosynthetic With Different Backfill Soils,”
International Journal of Geoscinces, Volume 3 PP 1033 – 1039

[3]Satyanarayana P.V.V., Sai Chaitanya VarmaN, Krishna ChaitanyaD.

Ganga Raj (2016) ,“A Study on Performance of Crusher Dust in Place of
Sand as A Sub-Grade and Fill Material in Geo-Technical Applications”,
International Journal of Advanced Civil Engineering Research. Volume 1,
Number 1 (2016) pp. 1- 11

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 37
Nigdi.
 [4] Chia-Nan Liu, Jorge G. Zornberg, M.ASCE; Tsong-Chia Chen, Yu-
Hsien Ho, and Bo-Hung Lin(2012),”Behavior of Geogrid-Sand Interface
in Direct Shear Mode,” American Society of Civil Engineering (ASCE)
Volume 4 (2012) PP 42-47

5] Krunoslav Minazek, Zeljana Kopic, Mensur Mulabdic (2011) ,“Simple

Procedure Of Geogrid-soil Interaction Efficiency Assesment ”, International
Journal of Advanced Civil Engineering Research. ISSN 1330-3651
(2011) pp. 1- 11

6] Mohammad Saleh Ahmadi and Parastoo Nikbakht Moghadam(2017)

,“Effect of Geogrid Aperture Size and Soil Particle Size on
Geogrid-Soil Interaction under Pull-Out Loading ”, Journal Of Textiles
And Polymers . Vol. 5, No. 1, January 2017 PP .25

Department Of Civil Engineering, PCCOE,

10/2/2019 38
Nigdi.