Single Side Band

Modulation
II YEAR – 1ST SEM
Past Session
𝑫𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑭𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒓
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) + 𝐴𝐶 𝐾𝑎 𝑚(𝑡)𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)

𝑫𝒖𝒆𝒍 𝑺𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑺𝒖𝒑𝒑𝒓𝒆𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒓𝒊𝒆𝒓

𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑚(𝑡)𝐴𝐶 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) 𝑆𝐴𝑀 (𝑓)

𝑓
−𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐
𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑓)

𝑓
𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
Power Requirements
𝑨𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑫𝑺𝑩𝑺𝑪

𝐴2𝐶 𝐴2𝐶 𝜇2 𝐴2𝐶 𝐴2𝑚

𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝐶 + 𝑃𝑈𝑆𝐵 + 𝑃𝐿𝑆𝐵 = + 𝑃𝑇 = 𝑃𝑈𝑆𝐵 + 𝑃𝐿𝑆𝐵 =
2𝑅 4𝑅 4𝑅

𝜇2 𝑆𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟
η= = 33.33% η= = 100%
2 + 𝜇2 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟

% 𝒐𝒇 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒅

𝜇=1 η𝐴𝑀 = 33.33% 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 66.66%

𝜇 = 0.707 η𝐴𝑀 = 20% 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 80%

2
% 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑆𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 = 1 − η =
2 + 𝜇2
Side - Bands
𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑓)
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚
4 4
 USB 𝑓

 LSB 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋(𝑓𝑚 +𝑓𝐶 )𝑡 + 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋(𝑓𝑚 −𝑓𝐶 )𝑡)
2

 Both Bands carry same info

 Only one side band - sufficient

 USB / LSB
Single Side Band Modulation
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑈𝑆𝐵 𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑆𝐵

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋(𝑓𝑚 +𝑓𝐶 )𝑡 𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋(𝑓𝑚 −𝑓𝐶 )𝑡)
2 2 + → 𝑈𝑆𝐵
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚 − → 𝐿𝑆𝐵
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋(𝑓𝑚 ±𝑓𝐶 )𝑡
2
𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚 𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝑚
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡 ∓ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝑚 𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡
2 2

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡 ∓ 𝑚(𝑡)
ෝ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡 𝑚
ෝ 𝑡 → 𝐻𝑖𝑙𝑏𝑒𝑟𝑡 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚
2 2

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
Generation

 Frequency discrimination / Filter Method

 Phase discrimination / Phase Shift Method
Phase Discrimination
𝑚(𝑡)
Product
Modulator

+
𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)
𝑚(𝑡)
𝐿𝑂 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)
෍

90
90
𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) ∓

Product
Modulator
𝑚(𝑡)
ෝ
 1 1
𝑚 𝑡 . 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) 𝑀(𝑓) ∗ 𝛿 𝑓 + 𝑓𝐶 + 𝛿 𝑓 − 𝑓𝐶 𝑀 𝑓 + 𝑓𝐶 + 𝑀 𝑓 − 𝑓𝐶
2 2

𝑓 𝑓

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

1 1
𝑚 𝑡 . 𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) 𝑀(𝑓) ∗ 𝛿 𝑓 + 𝑓𝐶 − 𝛿 𝑓 − 𝑓𝐶 𝑀 𝑓 + 𝑓𝐶 − 𝑀 𝑓 − 𝑓𝐶
2𝑗 2𝑗

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
 𝑆𝑔𝑛(𝑓)

Hilbert Transform 𝑗

−𝑗

H(f)
𝑀(𝑓) ෡
𝑀(𝑓)
𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑆𝑖𝑛(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐
 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
Frequency Discrimination
𝑚(𝑡) 𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑡) Output
Product
BPF
Modulator

𝑓𝐶 𝐶(𝑡)

𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡 𝐶(𝑡)
𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙
𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 𝑡 = 𝐴𝐶 𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡) 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝐹𝑖𝑙𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑂𝑅 𝐵𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑖𝑔𝑛𝑎𝑙

𝑓𝑐 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑐
 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒

−𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑚

𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐
𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝐵𝑃𝐹

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
 𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐
𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑃𝐹

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)

𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚
 𝑓𝑐 − 𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑐 + 𝑓𝑚

−𝑓𝑚 𝑓𝑚
Voice Signals 𝑀𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑔𝑒

300 – 3.5KHz
𝑆𝐷𝑆𝐵𝑆𝐶 (𝑡)

𝑃𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑃𝐹

𝑆𝑆𝑆𝐵 (𝑡)
Demodulation
𝑆(𝑡) 𝑌(𝑡) Output
Multiplier LPF

𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡)
𝑓𝑐

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡 ∓ 𝑚(𝑡)
ෝ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡
2 2

𝐴′𝐶 𝑚(𝑡)
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 =
4
Demodulation - Asynchronous
𝑆(𝑡) 𝑌(𝑡) Output
Multiplier LPF

𝐶𝑜𝑠(2𝜋𝑓𝑐 𝑡 + 𝜃)
𝑓𝑐

𝐴𝐶 𝐴𝐶
𝑆 𝑡 = 𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡 ∓ 𝑚(𝑡)
ෝ 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2𝜋𝑓𝐶 𝑡
2 2

𝐴′𝐶
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 ± 𝑚
ෝ 𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃)
4
 𝐴′𝐶
𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (𝑚 𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝜃 ± 𝑚
ෝ 𝑡 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝜃)
4

𝐴′𝐶
𝜃=0 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (𝑚 𝑡 )
4

𝐴′𝐶
𝜃 = 90 𝑂𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 = (𝑚
ෝ 𝑡 ) 𝑵𝒐 𝑸𝑵𝑬
4
Advantages

 Power Saved
 Channel BW saved
 No QNE
Disadvantages

 Complex Demodulation
 Limited For Voice
Application

 Voice Transmission