Prepared by:

ARLENE B. BOLLEDO
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

The Filipino revolutionist won against the

Spaniards who colonized Philippines for more
than 300 years.
The Philippine Flag was hoisted on June 12,
1898 as a symbol of independence. Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo was elected the first president of the
Philippine Republic, which was short-lived.
 Americans colonized the country. And in 1901,
 INFLUENCES and SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT
DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD

Schools and a new Educational

System (free education)
English Language
 NEWSPAPERS

EL GRITO DEL PUEBLO- (The Call of the Nation) A

pro-labor and radical nationalist newspaper
advocates independence under the protection of
United States. Founded by ANG KAPATID NG
BAYAN.”
EL NUEVO DIA –(The New Day) Founded by
Sergio Osmeña in 1900. A Cebuano newspaper
and it lasted for 3 years.
 NEWSPAPERS

EL RENACIMIENTO – (The Rebirth) Rafael Palma is

the editor. The most influential newspaper in Manila
during the Spanish colonial period.
MANILA DAILY BULLETIN – the Philippine’s largest
broadsheet newspaper by circulation. It is now
currently known as “THE MANILA BULLETIN”.
Founded in 1900 as a shipping journal and it is the
second-oldest Philippine newspaper, second only to
 FEATURES OF PHILIPPINE LITERATURE UNDER
AMERICAN REGIME

Spanish and Tagalog and the Vernaculars were the

language used in writing during the first years in
American period, but Spanish and Tagalog were the
predominated language.
In 1910, a new group started to write in English.
Hence, Spanish, Tagalog, the Vernaculars and finally
English were the mediums used in literature during
THREE GROUPS OF WRITERS

SPANISH
ENGLISH
FILIPINO
SPANISH WRITERS

The writers in Spanish were accustomed to

write on nationalism like honoring Rizal
and other heroes.
Some writers: Cecilio Apostol, Fernando
Ma. Guerrero, Jesus Balomori, Manuel
Bernabe and Claro M. Recto.
FILIPINO WRITERS –wrote about their lamentations on the
conditions of the country and their attempts to arouse
love for one’s native tongue
 TAGALOG POETS OF THE HEART (MAKATA NG PUSO)
 LOPE K. SANTOS, PEDRO DEOGRACIAS DEL ROSARIO, ILDEFONSO SANTOS,
AMADO V. HERNANDEZ, NEMENCIO CARABANA AND MAR ANTONIO

 TAGALOG POETS OF LIFE ( MAKATA NG BUHAY)

 LOPE K. SANTOS, JOSE CORAZON DE JESUS, FLORENTINO COLLANTES, PATRICIO
MARIANO, CARLOS GATMAITAN AND AMADO V. HERNANDEZ

 TAGALOG POETS OF THE STAGE ( MAKATA NG TANGHALAN)

 AURELIO TOLENTINO, PATRICIO MARIANO, SEVERINO REYES AND TOMAS
REMIGIO
 ENGLISH WRITERS

The writers in English

imitated the themes and
methods of the Americans.
Philippine Literature in English is divided into three
time frames:

The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910)

The Period of Imitation (1910- 1925)
The Period of Self- Discovery (1925-1941)
Some of the FILIPINO
Writers during
American
Colonization
FRANCISCO BENITEZ

First
editor of Philippine Journal Of
Education
Became the Dean of UP College of
Education
PAZ MARQUEZ BENITEZ

FirstFilipino Modern English Language

short story writer.
One of the founders of Philippine
Women’s College
Dead Stars (short story-1925)
 ZOILO GALANG

A Child of Sorrow (1921)- First

Philippine novel written in English.
Nadia (1929)
 Encyclopedia of the Philippines
(1957)
 AMADO VERA HERNANDEZ

A Filipino writer and labor leader who was

known for his criticism of social injustices in the
Philippines and was later imprisoned for his
involvement in the communist movement.
 While still a teenager, he began writing in
Tagalog for the newspaper Watawat (flag) and
write a column for the Tagalog publication
Pagkakaisa (Unity) and become editor of
Mabuhay (Long Live)