THE DISCIPLINE

OF SOCIAL
WORK
LESSON 6
OBJECTIVES
• Define Social Work as a Discipline
• Explain the context and the basic
concepts of Social Work
• Describe the goals and scope of
Social Work
• Discuss the principle of Social
Work
• Explain the core values of Social
Work
REPORTING:
CRITERIA FOR
GRADING
Content (additional info) 35
Mastery (familiarity of é topic) 35
Coherence (present by group) 15
Classroom Management 15
TOTAL 100
SOCIAL WORK
• Closely associated with
government welfare and social
programs aimed at achieving
social justice, fairness, and
attainment of social
equilibrium
SOCIAL WORK
• Social Work intervenes at the
points where people interact
with their environments.
• Fundamentals to Social Work
are principles of human rights
and social justice.
SOCIAL WORK
RA 4373
• An Act to Regulate the Practice of Social
Work and the Operation of Social Work
Agencies in the Philippines
• The law requires completion of a
Bachelor of Science in Social Work
degree, one thousand hours of
supervised field practice, and a passing of
a government board examination in
social work for licensing or registration
as a social worker
• The social work professionals and practitioners are
aware that their profession is based on the
principles of human rights and social justice that
serve to empower individuals, groups and
communities to develop their full potential and well-
being.
• The focus of intervention in social work is the
relationship between the individual and their
immediate and wider social environment. Particular
emphasis is placed on the meeting the needs of
vulnerable and marginalized individuals and groups
(Social Workers Registration Board 2004).
• Social work as a profession has evolved over time but
its enduring feature as a helping profession is “the
dual aims of helping individuals fit better into their
environments, typically known as micro practice; and
changing the environment so that it works better for
individuals, referred to as macro practice.”
• Social work not only help individuals cope with
anxiety, stress, or depression but it goes further in
helping individuals gain access to other community
resources and support empowering services to relieve
distressing situations.
INTERPROFESSIONAL WORKING

• Social workers work closely with other

professionals
• Mental health workers often work with
community nurses, occupational therapists,
psychologists and psychiatrists
LAWS RELATED TO SOCIAL WORK
R.A. 8371 - OCT 22 1997
"Indigenous People's Rights Act of
1997"
• an act to recognize, protect and
promote the rights of indigenous
cultural communities/indigenous
peoples, creating a National
Commission on Indigenous
Peoples, establishing implementing
mechanism and appropriate funds
for the purpose
R.A. 8371 - OCT 22 1997
"Indigenous People's Rights Act of
1997"
• an act to recognize, protect and
promote the rights of indigenous
cultural communities/indigenous
peoples, creating a National
Commission on Indigenous
Peoples, establishing implementing
mechanism and appropriate funds
for the purpose
LAWS RELATED TO SOCIAL WORK
R.A 8282 - APRIL 30 1997
“The Social Security Law”
• an act further strengthening the
Social Security System, thereby
amending R.A. 1161, which
provides covered employees and
their families protection against
hazards of disability, sickness, old
age, and death.
R.A. 9262 - JAN 29, 2004 &
FEB 2, 2004
"Anti-violence Against Women and their
Children Act of 2004"
• an act defining violence against
women and their children,
providing for protective measures
for victims, prescribing penalties
therefore, and for other purposes.
LAWS RELATED TO SOCIAL WORK
R.A. 7192 - DEC 11, 1992
“Women in Nation-building Act of
1992”
• an act promoting the integration of
women as full and equal partners
of men in development and nation
building.
R.A. 7432 - FEB 7, 1992
"Senior Citizens Act of 1992"
• an act to maximize the
contribution of senior citizens to
nation-building, grant benefits and
special privileges, and for other
purposes
LAWS RELATED TO SOCIAL WORK
R.A 9255 - JAN 21 2004 &
FEB 2004
“Family Code of the Philippines”
• an act allowing illegitimate children
to use the surname of their father,
amending for the purpose art 176
of E.O no. 209, otherwise known as
the
R.A 344 - FEB 25 1983
"Accessibility Law"
• an act to enhance the mobility of
disabled persons by requiring
certain buildings, institutions,
establishments and public utilities
to install facilities and other
devices.
GOALS AND SCOPE OF
SOCIAL WORK
Empower people
Support a proactive position
Uphold the integrity of the profession
Establish linkages between people and society
GOALS AND SCOPE OF
SOCIAL WORK
Develop cooperative networks
Facilitate the responsiveness of the institution
Promote social justice and equality
Contribute to the development knowledge
GOALS AND SCOPE OF
SOCIAL WORK
Encourage exchange of information
Enhance communication
Employ educational strategies
Embrace a world view of human issues
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK:
RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS
1. Upholding and promoting human dignity and
well-being
2. Respecting the right to self-determination
3. Promoting the right to participation
4. Creating each person as a whole
5. Identifying and developing strengths
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK:
SOCIAL JUSTICE
1. Challenging discrimination
2. Recognizing diversity
3. Distributing resources
4. Challenging unjust policies and practices
5. Working in solidarity
PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL WORK:
PROFESSIONAL INTEGRITY
1. Upholding the values and reputation of the
profession
2. Being trustworthy
3. Maintaining professional boundaries
4. Making considered professional judgements
5. Being professionally accountable
CORE VALUES OF SOCIAL WORK

Compassion Importance of human

Service relationships
Social justice Integrity
Dignity and worth of Competence
the person
P ROFESSIONALS AND
PRA CTITIONERS OF
SOCIAL WORK
LESSON 7
WHAT DOES A SOCIAL WORKER DO?
MICRO SOCIAL WORKER
• They provide clinical and case management services
directly to individuals, couples, families, and groups.
• They serve clients dealing with a range of challenges
including poverty, physical and mental health issues,
addiction, and family problems.
• They may provide clinical services, such as therapy or
counseling, and connect people to resources in the
community to help them overcome challenges.
WHAT DOES A SOCIAL WORKER DO?
MACRO SOCIAL WORKER
• Some social workers do not work directly with individual
clients. Instead, they work in community organizations,
government, and advocacy groups to alleviate poverty and
social injustice on a big-picture level.
• Their careers include legislative advocacy, policy analysis,
and community organizing to break down barriers and
drive reform.
WHAT DOES A SOCIAL WORKER DO?
MEZZO SOCIAL WORKER
• Many social workers’ careers include both individual client-
centered work and big picture work.
• Whether professionals choose a career as a school social
worker, child social worker, medical social worker, or another
social work path, their work will likely involve individual
services for people in need of support along with program
development and advocacy to improve the institutions,
systems, and policies impacting their client population
ROLES OF SOCIAL WORKER

• Enabler – helping people find solutions

• Facilitator – aiding organizational
development
• Monitor – aiding professional enculturation
and socialization
• Planner – facilitating research and planning
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORKER

• Consultancy – refers to the professional activities

through which social workers and their clients plan, initiate,
and pursue actions toward desired change.
• Resource management – refers to the act of
coordinating, systematizing, and integrating resources and
services.
• Education – refers to the provision of knowledge and
critical information necessary for empowerment practice.
COMPETENCIES OF SOCIAL WORKER

These covers necessary skills and personality qualities needed

by the profession to perform their various roles and skills:
– Think critically
– Build and sustain relationships
– Analyze policies
– Conduct research
– Communicate effectively
– Sound time management
QUALIFICATIONS OF BECOMING A
LICENSED SOCIAL WORKER
BS in Social Worker by Professional Regulation Commission
• NSO / PSA Birth Certificate
• NSO / PSA Marriage Contract (for married female applicants)
• Transcript of Records with scanned picture and Remarks "For
Board Examination Purposes"
• Payment: P900.00 - complete
• *Certificate of 1,000 case hours signed by Registered Social Worker
with updated ID
TOP 10 REASONS TO PURSUE A
CAREER IN SOCIAL WORK
You like working with people. Social workers are almost
always interested in helping people, either individually or
on a big picture level.
You or a loved one have been helped by a social worker in the
past, so you became interested in their work.
You or a loved one have experienced a hardship such as
addiction or abuse and you would like to help others
overcome similar challenges.
TOP 10 REASONS TO PURSUE A
CAREER IN SOCIAL WORK
You have an interest in a field commonly addressed by social
workers such as poverty, mental health, or community
organizing.
You would like to work in a certain environment, such as a
hospital or a school, but you are more interested in
providing clinical or case management services than
healthcare or education.
TOP 10 REASONS TO PURSUE A
CAREER IN SOCIAL WORK
You have a strong interest in working with a certain population
such as children, the mentally ill, or older adults.
You enjoy volunteer work and making a difference and are
interested in extending your passion into a career in non-
profit management, program development, or direct social
services.
TOP 10 REASONS TO PURSUE A
CAREER IN SOCIAL WORK
You enjoy working in a fast-paced environment addressing
crisis situations while managing a large number of tasks.
You are interested in a flexible career in an ever-changing field
allowing you to work in different settings, each with their
own goals and challenges, but with a shared purpose of
serving the common good.
You want to have a career focused on helping people and
making the world a better place.
AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION OF SOCIAL
WORK
1. Family and child welfare – includes services to families in
situations that seriously disrupt them such as physical/mental
illness, unemployment, divorce, adoption, foster care, abuse
2. Physical Health – services given in hospitals, clinics, and
other health-care facilities; provides counseling in maternal
and child care, dying patients
3. Mental Health – provides aid to people suffering from
mental or emotional stress (psychotherapy)
4. Corrections – involves programs concerned with the
prevention of crime and rehabilitation of criminals and
provide counsel to people who are in probation
5. Schools – includes services to students in special schools
for individuals with emotional disturbances or physical
disabilities, and learning difficulties
PEOPLE THEY SERVE
Most social workers spend their days working with people. The type
of work social workers do varies based on the groups of people they
serve. Common groups of people that social workers serve include:
• Children
• Older adults
• People with disabilities
• Patients with chronic, acute or terminal diagnoses
• People coping with grief or loss
• People with mental illnesses
• People struggling with addiction
WHERE THEY WORK
Most social workers work in an office setting, though many spend a large
portion of their time visiting clients in their homes, schools, and in the
community. Social workers most often work in the following settings:
• Hospitals, medical clinics, and nursing homes
• Community mental health agencies and substance misuse clinics
• State and local governments including child welfare agencies and
departments of health and human services
• Schools and other youth-serving organizations
• Military bases and veterans affairs clinics
• Correctional facilities
• Private practices
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Clinical Social Worker – largest group of professionally trained
mental health providers in the US, they diagnose and treat mental
health conditions depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders,
they collaborate with doctors and other mental health professionals
to develop treatment plans, it requires a higher degree of education
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Psychiatric Social Worker - They assess patients’ social,
emotional, interpersonal, economic, and environmental needs, along
with their strengths, they often work in hospitals, residential
treatment centers, inpatient and outpatient mental health centers,
they connect with patients and transitioning them back to their
families and communities
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Social and Human Service Assistant– they work with social
workers, counselors, and other health and human services
professionals to provide support to individuals and community
groups, they are responsible for assisting clients in finding and
accessing mental health and community resources, lower degree is
sometimes sufficient as qualification
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Child and Family Social Worker - provide a range of case
management services to support children by improving the
functioning of their families and/or engaging support and supervision
outside of the family, common services provided by child and family
social workers for parents and families include job placement,
medical assistance, debt counseling, addiction treatment, family
therapy, and financial support, they act as liaison between the child
and other authorities
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Healthcare Social Worker - counsel patients at the time of their
diagnosis and throughout their treatment, helping them adjust to
their living arrangements and make arrangements and plans for
dealing with an illness, some of these social workers work on
multidisciplinary teams with doctors a
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Healthcare
-Medical and Hospice: provide patients with psychological and social
support to cope with chronic or terminal illnesses
-Geriatric: assist older adults and their families in finding services
such as meal delivery and home healthcare
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Micro Level Careers
Mental Health and Substance Abuse - assess and treat
individuals with mental, emotional, or substance use problems, social
workers specializing in mental health and addiction provide individual
and group therapy, crisis intervention, and case management, assist
clients in maintaining safe housing, obtaining employment, and
building and rebuilding family relationships
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Mezzo Level Careers
School Social Worker - work with children at all grade levels, assisting
students whose academic struggles, behavior, truancy, and interpersonal
difficulties impact their school progress, they may consult with parents,
teachers, and other support staff to find solutions for struggling children
Community Social Worker – focus on promoting positive change at
the community or neighborhood level, based on a given community’s
diversity and cultural values, work closely with community leaders as well
as residents to understand issues that affect them and their impacts on the
community
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER
Mezzo Level Careers
Community Health Worker - seek to address health problems at
the community level. Community health workers act as liaisons
between the members of the community and the social services
available to them. CHWs also provide basic health and medical care
to people within a community, often educating them about health
issues and sharing preventative measures they can take to avoid
illness
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER

Macro Level Careers

Public Policy Social Worker - typically work in government and
non-profit organizations to promote social change through
education, legislation, and other large-scale interventions, engage in
policy analysis on issues such as public housing developments, zoning
regulations, public service programs
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER

Macro Level Careers

Administrative Social Worker - hold leadership roles in social
and community service organizations including social welfare
departments, schools, and hospitals, typically has responsibility for
budget allocation, program development, and operations and staff
management, as well as other tasks such as fundraising, grant writing,
and public relations
CAREERS BASED ON TYPES OF SOCIAL
WORKER

Macro Level Careers

Research Social Worker - conduct high-level research to
determine the effectiveness of interventions or applications of social
work theory or more targeted research to evaluate the effectiveness
of a given program or social service agency, frequently gather their
own data and write articles regarding their findings for publication,
currently possess a PhD degree
CODE OF ETHICS

This specifies the standards of ethics, conduct, and

performance expected from social workers.
It is a duty of a social worker to always protect the health
and well-being of people who avail their services.
VALUE: SERVICE

Ethical Principle: Social workers’ primary goal is to

help people in need and to address social problems.

Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest.

They are encouraged to volunteer their professional skills
without expecting significant financial return (pro bono
service)
VALUE: SOCIAL JUSTICE

Ethical Principle: Social workers challenge social

injustice.

Social workers’ social change efforts are focused primarily

issues of poverty, unemployment, discrimination, and other
forms of social justice. They strive to ensure equality of
opportunity and meaningful participation.
VALUE: DIGNITY AND WORTH OF THE
PERSON
Ethical Principle: Social workers respect the
inherent dignity and worth of the person.

Social workers treat each person in a caring and respectful

fashion, mindful of individual differences, and cultural
diversity. They seek the clients’ capacity to change and
address their own needs.
VALUE: IMPORTANCE OF HUMAN
RELATIONSHIPS
Ethical Principle: Social workers recognize the
central importance of human relationships.

Social workers understand that relationships between and

among people are important vehicle for change. Engaging
and strengthening relationships among people is an effort
to promote, restore, maintain, enhance well-being of
individuals.
VALUE: INTEGRITY

Ethical Principle: Social workers behave in a

trustworthy manner.

Social workers are aware of the profession’s mission, values,

ethical principles, and ethical standards and practice them
consistently.
VALUE: COMPETENCE

Ethical Principle: Social workers practice within

their areas of competence and develop and
enhance their professional expertise.

Social workers continually strive to increase their

professional knowledge and skills and apply them.
 CLIENTS AND
A U D I ENCES OF
SOCIAL WORK
LESSON 8
THE CLIENTELE AND AUDIENCES OF
SOCIAL WORK
• The clientele and audiences of social work are very
broad regardless of the economic status of a
nation.
• Certain human conditions are universal and
transcend all socio-economic, cultural, political, and
religious spectrums.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIENTELE
AND AUDIENCES
• All those deserving of social welfare benefits
• Several classes of people to qualify as clientele: minorities,
elderly, women, children, the poor, people with disability,
people with mental health issues, the terminally ill, people
in workplaces who are affected internally of externally,
migrant...... who are being left out, sick, jobless, abused,
divorced, discriminated, etc.
 THREE TYPES OF CLIENTELE, THEIR
CHARACTERISTICS AND NEEDS
Clientele Characteristics
Individual Someone who has been deprived
space by larger environment calling
for change
Group and People existing with similar or
Organization common identity (LGBT, elderly,
migrants, abused women, neglected
child, addicts, etc.)
Community Every individual and family in a
marginalized sector, minorities,
Needs
Be assisted to fit in a larger
environment and be helped in
improving one’s coping ability
Social services depend on the
type of group it serves (eg.
Abused women=Anti VAWC)
Community transformation
such as environmental change
HOW MUCH ARE SOCIAL WORKERS
PAID?
There are many different types of social workers, and each
social work career will offer different average salaries.
• Entry-level with less than 1 year experience: P140,000
• Early career with 1-4 years of experience: P175,971
• Mid-career with 5-9 years of experience: P216,000
• Experienced with 10-19 years experience: P250,000
WHAT HOURS DO SOCIAL WORKERS
TYPICALLY WORK?
• Social workers do not have “typical” hours. Depending on the type of
social work job you have, many social workers, especially those at the
micro and mezzo levels, have to be available after normal working hours
for client visits and meetings. According to a recent article from The
Guardian, social workers reported working an average of 45.9 hours per
week, which is higher than their contracted hours (37.2). The same study
reported that social workers tend to spend more time completing
administrative tasks than face-to-face time with clients. If you are
considering a career as a social worker, you should expect that you may
have to work a varied (and sometimes challenging) schedule.
 S ETTING S ,
P ROCESSES, AND
METHODS IN SOCIAL
W ORK
LESSON 9
CASE MANAGEMENT
• It is a method of providing services whereby a professional
Social Worker collaboratively assesses the needs of the client
and the client’s family, when appropriate, and arranges,
coordinates, monitors, evaluates, and advocates for a package of
multiple services to meet the specific client’s complex needs
• It addresses both the individual client’s biopsychosocial status as
well as the state of the social system in which Case Management
is both micro and macro in nature: intervention occurs at both
the client (patient and family) and system levels.
CASE MANAGEMENT
• It requires the Social Worker to develop and maintain a
therapeutic relationship with the client, which may include
linking the client with systems that provide him or her with
needed services, resources, and opportunities.
ASSESSMENT
The psychosocial assessment forms the
basis for the Social Work Case
Management process and includes the
following components:
7. Cultural Issues
1. Personal Data
8. Patient Support System
2. Health Status/Age a. Disease Process
9. Caregiver Support System
3. Advanced Directives Status
10. Financial Status
4. Emotional Status
11. Vocational Status/Potential 4
5. Cognitive Functioning a. Learning
Ability 12. Community Reintegration

6. Functional Status a. Spirituality 13. Home & Community Environment

INTERVENTION METHODS/OPTIONS
• Case Management Treatment Plan - Social Work Case
Manager helps patients and family members review
advantages and disadvantages to each option
• Collaboration - Social Work Case Manager will
collaborate with patients, family members/significant others
and interdisciplinary team members on implementation of
the plan and will keep team members informed about
progress toward goals, obstacles, and changes to the plan
INTERVENTION METHODS/OPTIONS
• Continuum of Care - regularly follow patients from
community to inpatient to ambulatory to community
settings and adapt the case management treatment plan as
the patient’s needs change. Reevaluation, planning, and
referrals as appropriate are required to ensure Continuity of
Care.