ELBOW

PIPE
Presented by :
James Adrian C. Gupo
ME-5104
15-52856
ELBOW PIPE
It is installed between two pipe (or tubing) to
allow a change of direction, usually a 90° or
45° angle; 22.5° elbows are also available.
The ends may be machined for butt
welding, threaded (usually female), or
socketed. When the ends differ in size, it is
known as a reducing (or reducer) elbow.

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Types of Elbow
Pipe
90º elbow

• also known as a "90 bend", "90

ell" or "quarter bend", attaches
readily to plastic, copper, cast
iron, steel, and lead, and is
attached to rubber with stainless-
steel clamps. It is primarily used
to connect hoses to valves, water
pumps and deck drains.
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Types of Elbow
Pipe
45º elbow

• also known as a "45 bend" or "45

ell", is commonly used in water-
supply facilities, food, chemical
and electronic industrial pipeline
networks, air-conditioning
pipelines, agriculture and garden
production, and solar-energy
facility piping.
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ELBOW PIPE AS A HEAD FLOWMETER
Elbow meter does not introduce any additional losses in the system,
since it simply replaces an existing elbow or pipe bending that is being
used to change the direction of flow
a differential pressure is caused by centrifugal force between the inside
diameter and the outside walls of the pipe elbow. It does not introduce
any additional pressure loss other than that caused by the elbow. A
differential pressure transmitter is used to measure pressure between the
walls. This type of flow meter technology can be configured as either a
gas or a liquid flow meter.

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ELBOW PIPE AS A HEAD FLOWMETER

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ELBOW PIPE AS A HEAD FLOWMETER
Any 90 deg. pipe elbow can serve as a liquid flowmeter. All that is
required is the placement of two small holes in the elbow's midpoint (45
deg. point) for piezometer taps.
Pressure-sensing lines can be attached to the taps by using any
convenient method. The difference in pressure on the outside and inside
walls, caused by centrifugal force, can be measured with a differential
pressure transducer.

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ELBOW PIPE AS A HEAD FLOWMETER
Pressure measurements are obtained by placing taps at 45- degree
angles on opposite sides of the elbow. The size of each of the two taps
should not exceed one-eighth of the pipe diameter. Flow is calculated
according to the following formula:
W = 244 rhD3p
where W = flow in pounds per hour
r = elbow radius (inches)
D = elbow diameter (inches)
h = differential pressure (inches H20)
p = density in lbs/ft3
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COMPARISON

Advantages Disadvantages
 Simplified installation  should be considered for flow measurement only
as a last resort.
 Inexpensive
 Their inaccuracies tend to be extreme, owing to
 low pressure loss the non-precise construction of most pipe elbows
and the relatively weak differential pressures
generated

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THANK
YOU!