TONY GARNIER –INDUSTRIAL CITY

PRESENTED BY-
RASIKA SUNIL DENGLE.
FOURTH YEAR B.ARCH.
ROLL NO. – 21
DIVISION - A
 TONY GARNIER – INDUSTRIAL CITIES

INTRODUCTION

• Tony Garnier was a French architect born in Lyons in 1869 and it is clear that the
city and surroundings had a great influence on him.
• Whilst growing up Lyons was an industrial center for textiles and metallurgy, the
two industries catered for by Garnier s proposal for his industrial city.

• Garnier continued to work on his proposal alongside more traditional work and
was eventually able to exhibit his work in 1904. Afterwards, Garnier continued to
develop his plan culminating a two-volume work published in 1917.
• Tony Garnier is a principal architect and urban planner of the 20th century.
• Many of his projects influenced his contemporary architects and informed what
they considered to be modern architecture.

• He prefered to work on an entire city “Tusculum”. In four years at “Villa

Médicis”, he spent only six months working on antique monuments.

Tony Garnier • Most of his time was dedicated to a project for the creation of a new city, a
modern one, called An Industrial City. published for the first time in 1917.
(August 13, 1869 – January 19, 1948)
 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN EUROPE

• The end of the nineteenth century was a time of great change throughout
Europe. The advent of industrialization altered the landscape of the city
forever.
• Many of the changes were not for the better and living conditions in
industrial cities steadily deteriorated.

• The Industrial Revolution had the effect of bringing more and

more people from the countryside into the heart of the city
looking for work.
• Such dramatic over-population and unrestricted urban growth led
to slum housing, dirt, disease and a lack of communal green
spaces within the city landscape. Modern urban planning arose
in response to this disorder.

• Reformation of these areas was the objective of the early city

planners, who began to impose regulatory laws establishing
housing standards for housing, sanitation etc.
• Urban planners also introduced parks, playground in city
neighborhoods, for recreation as well as visual relief. The notion of
zoning was a major concept of urban planning at this time.
 AN "INDUSTRIAL CITY"

• Tony Garnier designs the plans of an ideal city, called “An industrial
city” during his stay at “Villa Médicis” (1899-1904). Published in
1917, it is a milestone in the 20th century history of architecture and
urban planning.
• Tony Garnier will be rebuked many times by the French Academy
for not dedicating his full energy to his research project,
“Tusculum” which concerned the reconstitution of a Roman city. • He dedicated himself instead to avant-garde ideas, by
working on his modern city project, designed for about
35.000 inhabitants.
• The “Industrial City” of Tony Garnier, which can be
compared to a city of labor, illustrates the ideas of
Fourier.

• Going against urban conceptions of his time, the architect developed the
zoning concept, dividing the city into four main functions: Work, Housing,
Health, Leisure.
• The city is located on a rocky headland, the industrial area being clearly
separated from it and located down the headland, at the confluence of a
river.
• Four main principles emerge: Functionalism, Space, Greenery, And High
Sunshine Exposure.
 THE CONCEPT OF INDUSTRIAL CITY

• Garnier ‘s proposal was an industrial city for approx. 35,000

inhabitants situated on a area in southeast France on a plateau with
high land and a lake to the north, a valley and river to the south.
• Une Cite industrialle is a well coordinated and monumentally
conceived plan placed in a park like setting where both the classical
spirit of the academic tradition and the primitive simplicity of
utopian ideas is demonstrated.
• In his proposal, Garnier tried to take into account all aspects of
the city including governmental, residential, manufacturing
and agricultural practices. The various functions of the city
were clearly related, but separated from each other by location
and patterns.
• The public area at the heart of the city was grouped into 3
sections: administrative services and assembly halls, museum
collections and sports facilities.

• The residential area is made up of rectangular blocks running east-west

which gives the city its characteristic elongated form.
• The residential districts are the first attempt towards passive solar
architecture.
• Garnier had energy efficiency in mind as the city was to be powered by a
hydroelectric station with a dam which was located in the mountains
along with the hospital.
• The city was completed by a railroad d station to the east.
 THE INFLUENCE OF JULIEN GAUDET

• Garnier found a sympathetic point of view in the teaching of Julien Gaudet, a professor of architectural theory at the Ecole.
• Guadet's concern with rational planning, based on axiality and clear articulation of the separate parts of the building and his interest
in the relationship of architecture to contemporary functions.
• The programme for the Cite hospital is close to Gaudet’s analysis of hospital planning. Gaudet favored an arrangement of separate
pavilions including separate building blocks for different functions.

ZONING

• The main factory is located in the valley at the confluence of the stream and river.
• A railway passes between the factory and the city, which is on a plateau, and further up are the medical facilities.
• In the homes, the rooms should have at least one large window oriented south for the entry of sunlight.
• The land for the construction of the residential homes, are initially divided into 150 meters from east to west and 30 meters from north
to south, dividing into lots of 15 by 15 meters, with one side facing the street.
• Primary schools are scattered throughout neighborhoods and in the northeast corner are the secondary schools.
SITE PLAN OF INDUSTRIAL CITY
THE PLAN OF INDUSTRIAL CITY

RAILWAY STATION
VISIONS OF INDUSTRIAL CITY:

MODULAR HOSPITAL HOSPITAL INDOOR RAILWAY STATION AND ITS

SURROUNDING

INDUSTRIAL AREA OVERALL VIEW ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES

AND ASSEMBLY HALLS,
MUSEUM COLLECTIONS AND
SPORTS FACILITIES.
 VISIONS OF INDUSTRIAL CITY:
HOUSING AND HOSPATILITY

RESIDENTIAL UNITS

HOTEL BUILDING HOUSING

VISIONS OF INDUSTRIAL CITY: AMMENTIES

PLAN OF ART SCHOOL LIABRARY

EDUCATION ZONE
 HOSPITALS

RAILWAY LINE
RESIDENTIAL AREA

INSTITUTIONAL INDUSTRIAL AREA

AREA

BHILAI –
INDUSTRIAL CITY