INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

AND
CODOMINANCE

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 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

 Neither allele has “complete” dominance over the

other; heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the 2
homozygous phenotypes
 Ex: snapdragons

R = red
W = white
RW = pink

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 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Cross a red (RR) snapdragon with a
White (WW) snapdragon. Give the genotypic and
phenotypic ratios.
Key: R = red flower W = white flower
Cross: RR x WW
Genotypic Ratio:
W W
R

Phenotypic Ratio:
R
Answer on next slide…

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 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Key: R = red W = white
Cross: RR x WW
W W Genotypic Ratio:
0RR: 4RW: 0WW

R RW RW Phenotypic Ratio:
0 Red: 4 Pink: 0 White

R RW RW

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 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Practice: Cross a pink snapdragon with a red

snapdragon. Give the expected phenotypic and
genotypic ratios.
Key: __________________
Cross: _________________

Genotypic Ratio: ________________________

Phenotypic Ratio: ________________________

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 INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

Practice: Cross a pink snapdragon with a red

snapdragon. Give the expected phenotypic and
genotypic ratios.
R R
Key: R = red W = white RW = pink
R RR RR
Cross: _RW x RR__
W RW RW
Genotypic Ratio: __2RR: 2RW: 0WW__
Phenotypic Ratio: __2 red: 2 pink: 0 white_

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 CODOMINANCE

 Codominance – Both alleles share dominance and

are always expressed if present.
 Ex: In chickens

B = black feathers
W = white feathers
BW = black AND white
feathers

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 CODOMINANCE
Cross a black (B) chicken with a
white (W) chicken.
Give the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
Key: B = black feathers W = white feathers
Cross: BB x WW
Genotypic Ratio:
W W
B

Phenotypic Ratio:
B Answer on next slide…

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 CODOMINANCE
Key: B = black W = white
Cross: BB x WW

W W Genotypic Ratio:
0BB: 4BW: 0WW
B BW BW
Phenotypic Ratio:
0 black:
BW BW 4 black and white:
B
0 white

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 CODOMINANCE
Practice: Cross two black and white feathered
chickens. Give the expected phenotypic and
genotypic ratios of the offspring.
Key: __________________
Cross: _________________

Genotypic Ratio: ________________________

Phenotypic Ratio: ________________________

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 CODOMINANCE
Practice: Cross two black and white feathered
chickens. Give the expected phenotypic and
genotypic ratios of the offspring.
B W
Key: B = black W = white
B BB BW
BW = black and white
Cross: _BW x BW__ W BW WW

Genotypic Ratio: __1BB: 2BW: 1WW_

Phenotypic Ratio: _1 black: 2 black and white: 1 white_

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LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

 Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells

(& offspring) independently of one another.
 This law can be illustrated using dihybrid crosses.

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 DIHYBRID CROSS

 Tracks the inheritance of two traits. Ex. Seed shape

and seed color
 Each pair of alleles segregates independently during
gamete formation

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 DIHYBRID CROSS
 Traits: Seed shape & Seed color
 Alleles: R round
r wrinkled
Y yellow
y green

RrYy x RrYy


RY Ry rY ry RY Ry rY ry
All possible gamete combinations

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 DIHYBRID CROSS
Gametes are placed in the punnett square
RY Ry rY ry

RY

Ry

rY

ry

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 DIHYBRID CROSS
Put R’s back together and Y’s back together
RY Ry rY ry
RY
RRYY

Ry

rY

ry

Continue filling in the Punnett Square….

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 DIHYBRID CROSS
RY Ry rY ry
Genotypic Ratio:
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy 1 RRYY:
2 RRYy:
2 RrYY:
Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy 1 RRyy:
4 RrYy:
2 Rryy:
rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy
2 rrYy:
1 rrYY
ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy 1 rryy

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 DIHYBRID CROSS
RY Ry rY ry
Phenotypic Ratio:
Round/Yellow: 9
RY RRYY RRYy RrYY RrYy
Round/green: 3
wrinkled/Yellow: 3
Ry RRYy RRyy RrYy Rryy wrinkled/green: 1

rY RrYY RrYy rrYY rrYy

ry RrYy Rryy rrYy rryy

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 DIHYBRID PRACTICE
 If a pea plant with genotype RRYy (round, yellow peas) is
crossed with a pea plant with genotype rrYy (wrinkled, yellow
peas), what would the results be?
 Key:

 Cross:

 Gametes:

 Genotype:

 Phenotype:
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OTHER PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE

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POLYGENIC TRAITS
 “Many genes” ; Many traits are controlled by
more than one gene; have a variety of choices
for expression.
 Ex: _hair color, eye color, skin tone___

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MULTIPLE ALLELES

 Genes that have

more than 2 alleles
 Ex: blood group.
 There are 3 possible
alleles for this gene.

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