THE EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEERING ON THE PHYSICAL

AND MENTAL HEALTH OF OLDER PEOPLE

NAMA : IRMAWATI
NPM : 1714401D224
KELAS : 2.B
 the purpose of this study is to build on the growing body of literature examining the
correlations between volunteering and health among older persons. longitudinal data from the 1993
and 2000 panels of the asset and health dynamics among the oldest old study (ahead) were used to
measure health and mental health outcomes of people over age 70 who volunteered at least 100
hours in 1993. the findings provide empirical support to earlier claims that volunteering slows the
decline in self-reported health and functioning levels, slows the increase in depression levels, and
improves mortality rates for those who volunteer. however, volunteering had no effect on the
number of physician-diagnosed health conditions or nursing home residence rates. the findings
provide support for the concept of role enhancement.
THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING OF
THE NEWER ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
 summary: the aim of the present review is to discuss the potential value of therapeutic drug monitoring (tdm)
of the newer antiepileptic drugs (aeds) felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, tiagabine,
topiramate, vigabatrin, and zonisamide. studies of the relationship between serum concentrations and clinical efficacy of
these drugs are reviewed, and the potential value of tdm of the drugs is discussed based on their pharmacokinetic
properties and mode of action. analytical methods for the determination of the serum concentrations of these drugs are
also briefly described. there are only some prospective data on the serum concentration–effect relationships, and few
studies have been designed primarily to study these relationships. as tdm is not widely practiced for the newer aeds,
there are no generally accepted target ranges for any of these drugs, and for most a wide range in serum concentration is
associated with clinical efficacy. furthermore, a considerable overlap in drug concentrations related to toxicity and
nonresponse is reported. nevertheless, the current tentative target ranges for felbamate, gabapentin, lamotrigine,
levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine (10-hydroxy-carbazepine metabolite). further systematic studies designed specifically to
evaluate concentration–effect relationships of the new aeds are urgently needed. although routine monitoring in general
cannot be recommended at present, measurements of some of the drugs is undoubtedly of help with individualization of
treatment in selected cases in a particular clinical setting
A MIXED-METHOD SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS’ ATTITUDES TOWARD
SMOKING AND SMOKING CESSATION AMONG PEOPLE WITH
MENTAL ILLNESSES
background and aims people with mental illnesses and substance abuse disorders are important
targets for smoking cessation interventions. mental health professionals (mhps) are ideally placed to
deliver interventions, but their attitudes may prevent this. this systematic review therefore aimed to
identify and estimate quantitatively mhps attitudes towards smoking and main barriers for providing
smoking cessation support and to explore these attitudes in-depth through qualitative synthesis.
methods the online databases amed, embase, medline, psychinfo, hmic and cinahl were searched in
march 2015 using terms relating to three concepts: ‘attitudes’, ‘mental health professionals’ and
‘smoking cessation’. quantitative or qualitative studies of any type were included. proportions of
mhps’ attitudes towards smoking and smoking cessation were pooled across studies using random
effects meta-analysis. qualitative findings were evaluated using thematic synthesis.
CONCLUSIONS A SIGNIFICANT PROPORTION OF MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS HOLD ATTITUDES AND
MISCONCEPTIONS THAT MAY UNDERMINE THE DELIVERY OF SMOKING CESSATION INTERVENTIONS; MANY
REPORT A LACK OF TIME, TRAINING AND CONFIDENCE AS MAIN BARRIERS TO ADDRESSING SMOKING IN
THEIR PATIENTS.
 EFFECTS OF FATHERS’ ATTENDANCE TO
LABOR AND DELIVERY ON THE
EXPERIENCE OF CHILDBIRTH IN TURKEY
 this study was planned to experimentally determine the effects of fathers’ attendance to
labor and delivery on the experience of childbirth. fifty primigravidae low-risk women and their
partners were recruited to the study. the first 25 women were included in the experimental group,
and their partners were allowed to participate in birth. the remaining 25 women were included in the
control group, and their partners were not allowed to participate in birth. perception of birth scale
and father interview form were used to evaluate couples’ experiences during labor and delivery. in
conclusion, fathers’ support in birth helped mothers to have more positive experiences in all aspects
of childbirth. there was no relationship between fathers’ support and length of labor, use of pain-
relieving drugs, or obstetric interventions in birth. when mother and father were supported during
labor and delivery, the rate of the fathers who adopted an active role was high.
THE EFFECTS OF CLOWN INTERVENTION ON
WORRIES AND EMOTIONAL RESPONSES IN
CHILDREN UNDERGOING SURGERY
 this study investigated whether clown intervention could reduce
preoperative worries and the affective responses of children undergoing minor
surgery. parental anxiety was also tested. child’s age, previous hospitalization, and
temperament were tested as predictors of the child’s responses during this
preoperative phase. seventy children were assigned to one of two groups: children
accompanied by their parents and a pair of clowns or, those accompanied by the
parents but without the clowns. the results emphasized the relevance of clown
intervention on the reduction of preoperative worries and emotional responses, not
only in children but also in their parents.
TERIMA KASIH