NUMET

PETENG-3
GROUP_EVEN

APPLICATION OF

USING
TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION
Numerical Methods
Common Root-Finding Methods
03 OUR PROCESS
Operational Flowcharts
Program Development
Program Manual

02
PROBLEM & SOLUTION
Understanding the Problem
Our Proposed Solution
04 ABOUT US
People Behind this Study
OUR STORY
 01
INTRODUCTION
 One of the challenging task in scientific
application problem is
to estimate the solution of non-linear
equations.
MAIN CONCEPT

Determination of roots of non-linear

equations is very important generally in
science and especially in engineering.

MAIN
CONCEPT
 WHAT IS
NUMERICAL METHODS?
NUMERICAL METHODS

it is the study of set of procedure that uses numerical approximation

for the solution of the problems in mathematical analysis. This is by
considering approximate error estimates. Development of numerical
methods to solve non-linear equations are essential in mathematical
solutions because the analytic methods fail to solve the polynomial
equations with higher degree.
COMMON ROOT-FINDING METHODS

1
BISECTION
2
FALSE- POSITION NEWTON-
3 4
FIXED- POINT
5
SECANT METHOD
METHOD METHOD RAPHSON METHOD ITERATION
uses a
applies to any a very old it produces a method of succession of
continuous method for successively computing roots of secant
functions for solving an better fixed-points of lines to better
which one equation in one approximations iterated approximate a
knows two unknown, that, to the roots of functions root of a
values with in modified a real- valued functions “f”
opposite signs form, is still functions
in use
 02
PROBLEM &
SOLUTION
UNDERSTANDING
THE PROBLEM

STATEMENT 1 STATEMENT 2 STATEMENT 3

most numerical root-
each numerical method on higher degree polynomials
finding methods are
solving the roots of a will consume lengthy time
based on
high-degree polynomial and will require more
iterative techniques,
follows a iterations before solving
producing a sequence of
repetitive process the roots which will be
numbers that hopefully
regardless of method susceptible to errors
converge towards the
used during manual solutions
root as a limit
OUR
SOLUTIONS

to make the process

to make an algorithm
to utilize the easier, faster and
using existing
repetitive nature of more accurate by
computer software
each method discussed minimizing human-
technologies
intervention causing
errors

OBJECTIVE 1 OBJECTIVE 2 OBJECTIVE 3

03
OUR PROCESS
 START

OPEN PROGRAMMED EXCEL FILE

ON SHEET 1 LOWER AND UPPER

LIMITS AND EQUATION OF F(X)
OPERATIONAL FLOWCHART OF NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES

CHOOSE YOUR DESIRED

METHOD
USING MICROSOFT EXCEL

BISECTION REGULA FALSI FIXED POINT SECANT 1ST METHOD NEWTON RHAPSON 2ND METHOD NEWTON RHAPSON

RIGHT FORMULA FOR RIGHT FORMULA FOR RIGHT FORMULA FOR RIGHT FORMULA FOR RIGHT FORMULA FOR RIGHT FORMULA FOR
F(Xm) F(Xm), F(Xu) & F(Xm) F(Xm) F(Xn+1) & F(Xn) F(Xi) & F’(Xi) F(Xi), F’(Xi) & F”(Xi)

EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY EXCEL WILL AUTOMATICALLY
FIND YOUR ROOT FIND YOUR ROOT FIND YOUR ROOT FIND YOUR ROOT FIND YOUR ROOT FIND YOUR ROOT

ROOT Xm ROOT Xm ROOT Xn ROOT Xn+1 ROOT Xi+1 ROOT Xi+1

NO
EXCEL FILE STILL OPEN?

YES

DO YOU WANT TO TRY YES

ANOTHER METHOD?

NO

END
 HOW TO USE?
PROGRAM
DEVELOPMENT START Open the sheet entitled “INPUT DATA”

The sheet will show 2 columns for the

It is developed in relation to range and the input.
Xl, Xu &
finding the values of Xm, Equation of F(x)
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF BISECTION METHOD

F(Xm), error (%) and root. Double-check every inputs you have
A
entered
Xl+Xu
Finding the values of Xm Xm=
2 It will automatically generate your
inputs into system and saved to
“BISECTION METHOD”
Satisfying conditions for each Xm(new)-Xm(old)
Ea=
variables by inputting formula Xm(new) Once upper and lower limit has been
entered it will automatically generate
the answers
Find the absolute relative
approximate error Is F(Xm) ≈ 0 NO YES Xl=Xm
Is F(Xm) < 0 ? Bisection Method Conditions:
& Ea≈ 0 ? Xu=Xu
F(Xm)=(+), Xl=Xl, Xu=Xm
If F(Xm)=0, the program will F(Xm)=(-), Xl=Xl, Xu=Xm
YES NO
stop generating answers F(Xm)=0, the root is Xm
Xl=Xm
Output: Root = Xm
Xu=Xu
A It will also generate the percentage
Input another formula if error using the formula inputted
((OR(F5=0,F5=””))
Drag the cursor downwards after
getting the values for F(Xm) to find
Once the value of F(Xm) END the root of each equations
approach to 0, it will display
the word “ROOT” Graph will appear to plot the roots of
(Xm) validating if it approaches 0
 PROGRAM START

DEVELOPMENT HOW TO USE?

Xi
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF THE NEWTON RAPHSON 1ST METHOD

It is developed in relation to Equation The value of the Xi will be the value

finding the values of F(Xi), of upper limit in the input data
F’(Xi), Xi+1, and the root
Substituting xi to
f(xi) By substituting the value of Xi in the
given equation we will get the value
Choose the value of Xi of f(Xi).
Perform f’(xi) Perform f’(xi)
Substitute xi Substitute xi
Input the formulas to find the Get the first derivative of the
values for F(Xi), F’(Xi), Xi+1 equation, and the substitute the value
of Xi to get the value of f’(Xi)
F(Xi)
X(i+1)=Xi-
F’(Xi)
In finding new values of
Using the formula given we can get the
F(Xi), F’(Xi), given equations
value of Xi + 1
should be inputted
Is x(i+1) old= NO No. of iteration (i)
x(i+1)new? i(new)=i(old)+1
If the value of Xi+1 is The next value of Xi will be the value
repeated 3x or approaching 0, YES of Xi + 1, and it will be the new
the program will stop value to substitute in the equations
generating answers
x(i+1)new= Root

If the Xi + 1 is approaching to zero

Once the value of Xi+1 or same value 3X, it will display the
approaches to 0, it will root of the equation
display the word “ROOT”
END
 HOW TO USE?
PROGRAM START

The value of the Xi will be the value

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF THE NEWTON RAPHSON 2nd METHOD
DEVELOPMENT Input: Xi
of upper limit in the input data

It is developed in relation to By substituting the value of Xi in the

finding the values of F(Xi), F(Xi) given equation we will get the value
F’(Xi), F”(Xi), Xi+1, and the of f(Xi).
root
YES
if F(Xi) Get the first derivative of the
Choose the value of Xi
equation, and the substitute the value
of Xi to get the value of f’(Xi)
NO
Input the formulas to find the F’(Xi)
values for F(Xi), F’(Xi), Get the second derivative, by simply
F”(Xi), Xi+1 derivative the first derivative or
F”(Xi) f’(Xi) and then substitute the value
of Xi to get the value of f”(Xi)
In finding new values of
F”(Xi) F’(Xi) -1
F(Xi), F’(Xi), F”(Xi), given Xi+1=Xi+ ( )
2(F’(Xi)) F(Xi)
equations should be inserted. Using the formula given we can get the
value of Xi + 1
NO
If the value of Xi+1 is if Xi+1= Xi+1+Xi
repeated 3x or approaching 0,
The next value of Xi will be the value
the program will stop YES of Xi + 1, and it will be the new
generating answers
Output: Root value to substitute in the equations

Once the value of Xi+1

approach the same values 3x or If the Xi + 1 is approaching to zero
to 0, it will display the word or same value 3X, it will display the
END root of the equation
“ROOT”
 PROGRAM START
HOW TO USE?
DEVELOPMENT Open the sheet entitled “INPUT DATA”

The program was developed in

METHOD

relation on how to find the Input of equation

f(Xn) & Xn The sheet will show 2 columns for the
values of Xn, F(Xn), error (%) range and the input.
and the root.
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF THE NEWTON FIXED-POINT

Computation of f(Xn) Double-check every inputs you have

Find the value of F(Xm) and Xn with Xn
entered

Using the given formula, find It will automatically generate your

Computation of %
the absolute relative F(Xn)=Xn new inputs into system and saved to
error
approximate error “FIXED-POINT METHOD”

Insert the formula ABS((B6- Once upper and lower limit has been
B5)/B6)*100) in D6 Is % NO Next iteration entered it will automatically generate
error=0? i=l(old)+1 the value ofF(Xn)

program will stop to generate

YES It will also generate the percentage
answers if the value of F(Xn)
is approximately zero error using the formula inputted
Root Xn

Insert the formula Drag the cursor downwards after

=IF((OR(D5=0,D5=" ")), in C6 getting the values for F(Xn) to find
the root of each equations

END
Once the value of F(Xn) Graph will appear to plot the roots of
approach to 0 it will display (Xn) validating if it approaches 0
the word ROOT.
 START

PROGRAM HOW TO USE?

DEVELOPMENT a=Xn-1, b=Xn, Open the sheet entitled “INPUT DATA”
c=Xn+1,
f(x)=equation
It is developed in relation to
METHOD

finding the values of Xn-1,
Xn, F(Xn-1), F(Xn), Xn+1,
error (%) and root.
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF THE NEWTON SECANT
The sheet will show 2 columns for the
range and the input.
Computation of Xn-1 & Xn
Substitute a in f(x)

Substitute b in f(x)
Finding the values of Xn+1 Double-check every inputs you have
entered

Satisfying conditions for each C=

a*f(b)-b*f(a) c=b
f(b) - f (a) b(old)=a It will automatically generate your
variables by inputting formula inputs into system and saved to
“SECANT METHOD”
Find the absolute relative Computation of error
approximate error Once upper and lower limit has been
entered it will automatically generate
the answers
If F(Xm)=0, the program will
C(new)= NO Next iteration
stop generating answers I(new)= l(old)+1 It will also generate the percentage
C(old)
error using the formula inputted
YES
Input another formula if
((OR(F5=0,F5=””)) in E6 Drag the cursor downwards after
Pint C as root
getting the values for F(Xm) to find
the root of each equations
Once the value of Xn+1 starts
to repeat itself, it will
display the word “ROOT” Graph will appear to plot the roots of
END
(Xm) validating if it approaches 0
 PROGRAM START
HOW TO USE?
DEVELOPMENT Open the sheet entitled “INPUT DATA”

The program was developed in Input of equation

METHOD

relation on how to find the Xu, Xl The sheet will show 2 columns for the
values of Xm, F(Xm), error (%) range and the input.
and the root.
OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE OF THE NEWTON REGULA-FALSI

Substitute Xu, Xl to the

equation Double-check every inputs you have
Find the value of F(XL), F(Xu)
and Xm entered

Using the given formula, find Is Is Is NO It will automatically generate your

NO NO
f(Xl) f(Xl) f(Xl) inputs into system and saved to
the absolute relative =0? >0? < 0?
approximate error “REGULA-FALSI METHOD”
YES YES YES

Insert the formula ((F6- Once upper and lower limit has been
Xl=Xm Xl=Xl Xl=Xm
F5)/F6)*100) in H6 Xu=Xm Xu=Xm Xu=Xu entered it will automatically generate
the value of F(Xm)

Program will stop to generate It will also generate the percentage

answers if the value of F(Xm) Is Xm < NO
0.00001 error using the formula inputted
is approximately zero

YES Drag the cursor downwards after

Insert the formula getting the values for F(Xm) to find
=IF((OR(H5=0,H5=" ")), in I6 Output “ROOT” the root of each equations

Once the value of F(Xm) Graph will appear to plot the roots of
approach to 0 it will display END (Xm) validating if it approaches 0
the word ROOT.
ABOUT US

04
OUR TEAM We are engineering students from
Pamantasan ng Cabuyao (PNC), aiming
to provide more dynamic and competent
way of solving for the roots of a
non-linear equations by the use of
Microsoft Excel software which is
currently in great use of both
professionals and students in solving
different mathematical equations.
 ALCANTARA, JAYVEE ALMARIO, DANIELLA ARMENDARES, JASON AUTOS, JENICA BALANOYOS, MADONNA BERNABE, MARK
BOHOL, JLEX

OUR TEAM
BUENO, MICHAEL CANDELARIO, JEREME CANTOS, DATHNEE CONCHAS, LYOD DE BORJA, KENNETH DIEGO, DARYL ESPELA, ALYSSA

GARROVILLO, PAULA HEGINA, IAN JOVELLANO, JM LAPARAN, JOMER LAYLAY, JEONETH LILANG JR., ARNOLD LLAGAS, KENNETH

MARCELINO, RAYMON MAYAO, MARY MONTEMAYOR, JAYSON ORENSE, RYAN PENINO, JAKE PORCARE, JIMWELL RAMIREZ, MEHGAN

REAMBILO, EXEQUIEL RELENTE, ANNE ROMERO, CHRISTINE SABANAL, JACEN TENORIO, KATE VERGARA, MARK YBANEZ, CHANEL