Chord Product Theorem

 If two chords intersect in the interior of a circle, then the

product of the lengths of the segments of one chord is equal
to the product of the lengths of the segments of the other
chord.

C
B

EA  EB = EC  ED
E

D
A
 Secant-Secant Theorem
 If two secant segments share the same endpoint outside a circle,
then the product of the length of one secant segment and the length
of its external segment equals the product of the length of the other
secant segment and the length of its external segment.

EA  EB = EC  ED A
D
E C
 Secant-Tangent Theorem
 If a secant segment and a tangent segment share an endpoint
outside a circle, then the product of the length of the secant
segment and the length of its external segment equals the square of
the length of the tangent segment.

(EA)2 = EC  ED E
C
D
TANGENTS
Definition
 Tangent – a line in the plane of a circle that intersects the
circle in exactly one point.
T

ST is a tangent
Definition
 Point of tangency – the point at which a tangent line intersects
the circle to which it is tangent

point of tangency
Definition
 Tangent circles – coplanar circles that intersect in one
point
Definition
 Concentric circles – coplanar circles that have the same
center.
Definitions
 Common tangent – a line or segment that is
tangent to two coplanar circles
 Common internal tangent – intersects the segment that
joins the centers of the two circles
 Common external tangent – does not intersect the
segment that joins the centers of the two circles

common internal tangent common external tangent

 Tell whether the common tangents are internal
or external.

a. b.

common internal tangents common external tangents

 Perpendicular Tangent Theorem
 If a line is tangent to a circle, then it is
perpendicular to the radius drawn to the point
of tangency.
l

If l is tangent to Q at P, then l  QP.

 Perpendicular Tangent Converse
 In a plane, if a line is perpendicular to a radius
of a circle at its endpoint on the circle, then
the line is tangent to the circle.

If l  QP at P, then l is tangent to Q.
 EXAMPLE
Right Triangles Pythagorean Theorem

Radius is perpendicular to the

tangent.  < E is a right angle
C
43
E
45
𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕11
D
𝟒𝟓𝟐 = 𝟒𝟑𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 = 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 + 𝒃𝟐
𝟐𝟎𝟐𝟓 − 𝟏𝟖𝟒𝟗 = 𝒃𝟐
𝟏𝟕𝟔 = 𝒃𝟐
𝒃𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕𝟔
𝒃 = 𝟒 𝟏𝟏
𝒃 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕
 Congruent Tangent Segments
Theorem
 If two segments from the same exterior point (S) are tangent
to a circle (P), then they are congruent.

P
S
T

If SR and ST are tangent to P, then SR  ST.

EXAMPLE

AB is tangent to C at B. D
AD is tangent to C at D. x2 + 2

Find the value of x. C A

11
AD = AB
B
x2 + 2 = 11

x2 = 9

x = 3
EXAMPLE

A
Given circle E with tangent AB, BC,
CD, DA. Find the measure of each
G
segment.

JC = 7, what is IC? F B

E
BI is twice JC, what is the measure
of GB and BI?
I
D
DJ is 11and FD is 4x+3, what is x? J
C
AG = 16, what is x is AF is 3x+1?
Tangent – Circle Theorem
 If two circles are tangent internally or externally, then their
line of centers pass through the point of contact
Tangent – Circle Theorem
 If two circles are tangent internally or externally, then their
line of centers pass through the point of contact