TRANS

FOR
MERS
Estrada, Alen Troy R.

ALPINE SKI HOUSE

TRANSFORMER ACTION

T R A NSKI
ALPINE S F OHOUSE
RMERS 2
TRANSFORMER
ACTION
Transformer action is a phenomenon by which
EMF(Electro-motive force) is induced in from one
coil to the other coil by electro magnetic induction.
It is the basic principle of electric transformers.

When certain AC voltage is applied to a coil,

current, proportion to the applied voltage and
inversely proportional to the impedance, flow
through the coil. This generates varying magnetic
field around the coil. When this varying magnetic
field links with another coil, EMF is induced in it.

This principle is used in transformers to step up and

step down voltage levels in a transformer. Ratio of
supplied and output voltage levels is proportion to
the ratio of number of turns in transformer
winding.

An important point that has to be noted is inspite

of voltage step up/down of applied voltage, the
input power and output power of a transformer
remains equal(considering voltage is zero).
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RMERS 3
TRANSFORMER
ACTION
The device that most commonly
utilizes the principle of transformer
action is the static transformer.

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RMERS 4
MICHAEL FARADAY
Discovered the Principle of
Electromagnetic Induction way back
1831.

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RMERS 5
WHAT IS A
TRANSFORMER?
A transformer is a device that…

• transfers electrical energy from

one electric circuit to another

• does so without a change of

frequency

• does so by the principle of

electromagnetic induction and

• has electric circuits that are linked

by a common magnetic circuit.

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RMERS 6
TRANSFORMER:
THE COILS
Primary Coil – the coil that is
connected to the primary source of
supply. It takes its electrical energy
from the A-C source of supply.

Secondary Coil – the coil in which the

voltage of mutual induction is induced
and “feeds” energy to the load. It
receives the primary coil’s electrical
energy by electromagnetic induction
and delivers it to the useful electrical
units connected to its terminals.
Simple transformer diagram.

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RMERS 7
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
There are two general types of transformers.
Core-Type
The coils surround a considerable part
of the magnetic circuit. The primary
and the secondary windings are
wrapped around the core sides, with
the low-voltage coil leads at the top
and the high voltage leads at the
bottom.
Shell-Type
The magnetic circuit surrounds a
considerable portion of the windings.
The Primary and the secondary coils are
assembled but insulated from each
other, after which the entire coil
assembly is dipped in an insulating
varnish and baked.
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RMERS 8
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
There are two general types of transformers.

Core-Type Shell-Type

Single phase
Three-Phase Single phase

Three-Phase

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RMERS 9
 TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
There are two general types of transformers.
Core-Type Shell-Type
Properly cut laminations are pushed through Properly cut laminations are pushed through the
the winding openings so that the butt joints of coil opening and are butted to pieces surrounding
the successive layers are interleaved between the entire coil.
flat surfaces on both sides. All pieces are exactly
similar – die-cut.

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R M E R S 10
 Laminated Core
Composition
LAMINATED CORE 4%

Laminated cores are built up for good quality

magnetic steel containing 4% silicon, an
element that reduces the reluctance of the
magnetic circuit as well as the core loss at high
flux densities.

For 60-cycle service, the individual laminations

are usually 0.014” in thickness, coated with a
varnish insulation of about 0.001” thickness;
this insulation serves to lessen the effect of 96%
eddy currents.

For lower frequencies, the laminations may be

somewhat thicker.
Steel Silicon

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R M E R S 11
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
Another construction uses a ribbon of steel strip of the core. A steel strip of proper
width is coiled around performed coils done by a special machine. The advantages of
this construction are.

• A more rigid core

• Smaller size for a given kilovolt-ampere rating
• Reduction in strains in the iron, normally set up by clamps
• Lower iron losses at higher flux densities, and
• Reduction in the cost of manufacture

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R M E R S 12
EXPOSURE OF
TRANSFORMERS
Transformers are frequently subjected to
abnormally high voltage stresses caused
by abnormal operating conditions, such as
lighting and switching.

This is especially true of very high-voltage

transformers because a transformer
possesses considerable self inductance
and mutual inductance, as well as
capacitance between the turns in the
coils.

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R M E R S 13
RIGID BRACING
This process is always important in
transformer assemblies. Unless this is
properly done, the laminations and coils
will vibrate with the current changes and
thus cause objectionable noise – a
humming sound – and even insulation
failure.

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R M E R S 14
OIL APPLICATION
Transformers are generally placed inside
tightly fitted sheet-metal cases or tanks
filled with special insulating oil, which is
highly developed so that

• it serves both to insulate the windings

and through circulation

• to keep the windings reasonably cool.

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R M E R S 15
OIL APPLICATION
Transformers are generally placed inside
tightly fitted sheet-metal cases or tanks
filled with special insulating oil, which is
highly developed so that

• it serves both to insulate the windings

and through circulation

• to keep the windings reasonably cool.

T R A NSKI
ALPINE S F OHOUSE
R M E R S 16
THANK
YOU

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