EXAMINATION OF FUNDUS AND

INVESTIGATIONS TO BE DONE IN
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Dr Smriti Singh
Junior Resident-2
MLN Medical College
DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
DISTANT DIRECT OPHTHALMOSCOPY
• Direct Ophthalmoscope
• Plane plate of mirror

 Performed - Fully dilated Pupil

- At distance of 22cm
 Purpose - To see Media are clear or any
opacity present
- To see the fundal glow
• Direct Ophthalmoscopy
- Image is virtual and erect
- Area of field of view is 3mm i.e. 2DD
- Assemble fundus view upto equator
- Large aperture is used to examine the
dilated fundus.
- Slit aperture is used for any elevation or
depression of retina.
- Red free filter is used to see the hemorrhage
and blood vessel.
 ROUTINE INVESTIGATIONS
1. Complete Blood Count
2. Plasma Sugar: Fasting
Post-prandial
3. HbA1C
4. Lipid Profile
5. Kidney Function Test
6. Liver Function Test
7. Urine- Routine Microscopy
- Microalbuminuria and Macroalbuminuria
Investigations Related to eye
• Optical coherence tomography
• Fundus fluorescein angiography
• B-Scan
 OCT
• Non –invasive,Non-contact technique
Purpose:
- To visualise the layers of retina and
macula.
- To see the changes in the retina following
intravitreal injection in the subsequent
follow-up of the patient
 FFA IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

• Locating area of edema for laser

treatment.
• Differentiating ischaemic from diabetic
maculopathy.
• Differentiating between IRMA and new
blood vessels if clinical differentiation is
difficult.
EARLY PHASE LATE PHASE
NVD NVE
 Indications Of B-Scan In Diabetic
Retinopathy
• If media are not clear :
Due to dense cataract
Vitreous Haemorrhage
THANK YOU