CHEMICAL BONDING

ELEMENTS COMBINE WHEN THEY

BOND TOGETHER.
■ IONIC BONDING – INVOLVES THE TRANSFER
OF ELECTRONS FROM THE ATOMS OF ONE
ELEMENT TO THAT OF ANOTHER

■ COVALENT BONDING – INVOLVES THE

SHARING OF ELECTRONS BETWEEN TWO
ATOMS.
LEWIS DOT STRUCTURE

■ GILBERT NEWTON LEWIS – PROPOSED A SYSTEM

TO ILLUSTRATE THE TRANSFER OR SHARING OF THE
ELECTRONS.

■ IN THIS SYSTEM, THE NUMBER OF SURROUNDING

DOTS REPRESENTS THE NUMBER OF VALENCE
ELECTRONS AND THE SYMBOL OF THE ELEMENTS
REPRESENTS THE ATOM
■ The number and pairing of dots provide information about the bonding behavior of
an element.

1. When an atom loses or gain an electron, it becomes an ION.

CATION – loss of electron, positively charge
ANION – gain of electron, negatively charge

OCTET RULE – when the atoms lose or gain or share

electrons during chemical bond, the outermost shell
should be filled with eight electrons, similar to those of
noble gases.