Ionic/Covalent Bonding Notes

Stable or Unstable?
An atom is only stable if it has a full
valence shell

If an atom is stable, it will not bond

If an atom is not full, it will bond

Compounds
 Compounds are formed when 2 atoms of
different elements bond together.

 Atoms bond to fill their valence shell

 Anatom will bond with an many atoms as it

takes to fill its outer shell

 Once the valence shell is full, that atom is

stable
Types of Chemical Bonds
 There are two types of chemical bonds:
1. IonicBonds
2. Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Ionic
bonds exist between a non-
metal and a metal
When two atoms bond ionically,
they gain/lose electrons
When an atom gains or loses an
electron, it becomes an ion
 It has 2 valence electrons.

Ions How many does it need to be stable?

8…so it can either lose 2 or gain 6. Which is

Calcium is in group 2.
Which other elements would lose 2 electrons?
Group easier?
1 How many valence electrons does it have? 18
Losing 2…if it loses 2 electrons, it becomes
2 13 14 15 16 17
positive

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
 Ions
Group

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ionic Bonds
Properties of Ionic Compounds
 High melting point
 Good conductor of electricity
 Solid at room temperature
Covalent Bonds
 Covalent
bonds exist between
NONMETAL and NONMETAL.
 Example: H2, H2O, NO3, CH4

 Covalent bonds SHARE electrons.

 Shared electrons don’t belong to either

atom.
Covalent Bonds
Properties of Covalent Compounds
 Low melting point
 Poor conductor of electricity
 Liquid or Gas at room temperature