BY

 Fossil fuels are formed from the buried

remains of plants and animals over a
millions of years. Coal, petroleum, and
natural gas are some examples of fossil
fuels. Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy
sources, they are present in a limited
quantity and cannot renew or replenish
themselves over a short period of time.
 Over-extraction of Fossil Fuels
 Fossil fuels play a major role in generating
energy for the world today. Their varied
uses have led to their over-extraction. The
major consequences of over-extraction of
fossil fuels are given below.
 Exhaustion of existing reserves the over extraction of
fossil fuels is slowly depleting the earth of these
resources. An energy crisis in the immediate future is
a distinct possibility if the present rate of consumption
of fossil fuels is not brought under control.
 Air pollution when coal and petroleum products are
burnt as fuels, they give off carbon dioxides, a
greenhouse gas that leads to global warming. They
also give off pollutants such as carbon monoxides,
nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, particulate matter
such as mineral ash or fly ash, and unbrunt
hydrocarbons that pollute the air.
 Threat to organisms coal contains poisonous metals
such as arsenic and mercury , which are dangerous if
released into the environment. Matter over mercury
that is released into the air settles in water over time.
It then enters the bodies of fish and shellfish and can
be harmful to animals and people who eat them.
 Wind energy of the wind has been used since
ancient times to move ships, pump water, and
grind corn. These days,, huge wind turbines are
used to move turbines, which drive generators
and produce electricity.
 Nuclear energy is released by splitting or
merging together nuclei of atoms. In nuclear
power plants, this energy is utilized to
produce heat energy, which is used to make
steam for driving generators.
 Solar energy this is utilized with the help of solar
panels and solar cells. Solar panels convert solar
energy into heat and light energy, while solar
cells convert it to electrical energy.
 Biomass energy refers to organic matter, such as plant
and animal waste. Dung cakes are a form of biomass
that is used as a source of energy in rural parts of India.
Biomass is also used to produce energy, in the form of
biogas, which is then supplied via pipelines to houses
to use as cooking fuel.