SCIENCE 3

OCTOBER 7-11,
2019
Animals can have baby
animals.
• An animal can only
produce an animal of their
own kind.
• Baby animals share similar
observable physical
characteristics or traits with
their parents such as the
color, texture and length of
the hair strands; shape of the
face; eye shape, nose, and
length and size of ears.
How did you know which adult
animal and baby animal go
together? .
What characteristic is similar
between the parent animal and
the baby animal?
Pictures of a growing family of
animals
Some observable physical traits are
shared by animals of the same kind
ex. presence of fur, body shape,
shapes of legs, etc.
While there are similar physical traits
in animals of the same kind (ex.
dogs), the traits still differ because
they come from different breed.
We learned that baby plants
come from parent plants. So
plants also reproduce. Plants
can grow from seeds, or other
parts of the parent plants like
roots, stems or leaves. Can
you name some examples?
We get some traits from our parents.
Some of these traits are the colour
of our eyes, the shape of our eye,
the color of our hair, the type of our
hair as curly or straight, the shape of
our lips, the shape of our face, the
shape of our nose, the size and
shape of our ears, and the color of
our skin.
We inherit some traits from our
father, some from our mother
and some are from both our
mother and father. Some traits
may not be observed from our
parents but these may come
from our grandparents.
There are physical traits that we
inherit from our birth parents.
Some physical traits are shared
within a family or within the
same ethnic group.
(color of eyes, kinds of hair,
color of skin, shape of nose,
eyes, mouth)
 We share similarities and
differences in physical
traits/features because we are
all human beings.
• Some physical traits are
shared within a family or within
the same ethnic group.
• General physical
features/traits are shared by
humans/people regardless of
ethnicity such as: general body
parts (ex. head and body, shape
of arms and legs, etc.).
Bring a family picture and be
able to tell your physical
characteristics with your parent.
Animals can have baby animals.
• An animal can only produce an
animal of their own kind.
• Baby animals share similar
observable physical characteristics
or traits with their parents such as
the color, texture and length of the
hair strands; shape of the face; eye
shape, nose, and length and size of
ears.
THANK YOU !!!
WEDGE
WEDGE
SCREW
PULLEY
WHEEL AND AXLE
WHEEL AND AXLE
SIMPLE MACHINES
SIMPLE MACHINES
LEVER
 Lever
• The lever is a device, which has
a fulcrum or a pivot point, the
effort end where force is
applied, and the resistance end
is where the load is located.
 Parts of a Lever
• 4. Resistant Arm (dr) – the
distance of the resistance to the
fulcrum.
• 5. Effort Arm (de) – the distance
of the effort to the fulcrum.
First Class Lever (RFE or EFR)
• The Fulcrum is between the
Effort and the Load or
Resistance as in a seesaw.
Second Class Lever FRE or ERF
• The Fulcrum lies at one end, the
Effort is applied to the other end
and the Load is in the middle, as
in a wheelbarrow.
Third Class Lever (REF or FER)
• The Fulcrum is in one end, but
the load is at the other end, and
the effort is applied in the middle,
as in a human forearm.
INCLINED PLANE
 Inclined Plane

• An inclined plane is a flat

supporting surface, tilted at an
angle with one end higher
than the other.
 Inclined Plane

• An inclined plane lessens the

effort exerted over a distance
and changes its direction.
• The lesser the angle of the
inclined plane, the longer the
distance, the lesser the effort
needed.
Inclined Plane
WEDGE
 Wedge

• A wedge is a double incline

plane that is sharpened to an
end.
• It can be used to separate two
portions of an object.
 Wedge

• The thinner the wedge is,

the lesser effort is needed to
cut objects.
WEDGE
SCREW
 Screw

• Screw is a modified inclined

plane.
• Screws are used to lift heavy
objects or fasten two objects
together.
 Screw
The spiral ridges of a screw is
the Thread and the distance
between each thread is the
Pitch.
Types of Screws
PULLEY
 Pulley
• A pulley is a modified wheel and
axle. It is used to lift loads and
apply forces.
• A pulley has a rope sliding on
the groove of the wheel.
 Kinds of Pulleys
• 1. Fixed Pulley
Is generally hung,
making the
wheel stationary
(not moving).
 Kinds of Pulleys
2. Movable Pulley
– the entire
wheel together
with the axle
travels along the
rope.
Ex: Zipline
MOVABLE PULLEY

Zipline uses a Movable Pulley

 Kinds of Pulley
• 3. Block and
Tackle is a
combination of
movable and fixed
pulley.
Block and Tackle Pulley
WHEEL AND AXLE
WHEEL AND AXLE
 Wheel and Axle
• The Wheel and Axle refers to
the assembly formed by two
discs of different size
attached together so they can
rotate (turn around) together
around the same axis.
Wheel and Axle
 Wheel and Axle
• It has the same appearance to
the pulley but the Wheel is
fixed to the Axle.
Wheel and Axle
• SIMPLE MACHINES
Tell what Simple Machine are
the following:
• 1. Ramp
• 2. Axe
• 3. Blade
• 4. Flagpole
• 5. Sloping Road
• 6. Wheelbarrow
• 7. Bicycle gears
• 8. Zipline
• 9. Door Knob
• 10. Spoon
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
1. To avoid getting
hurt, do not play
with sharp simple
machines
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 2. Keep
machines in a
cabinet or in a
safe place away
from children.
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 3. When holding
a tool, make sure
its’ sharp edge
points are
downward,
facing the
ground.
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 4. Before using
any simple
machine, be
sure it is in
good condition.
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 5. When playing with levers like
seesaw, never put your feet
under and your hands near the
fulcrum.
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 6. When playing with inclined
plane like slides, make sure that
the end of the slide is secured.
 Safety Measures in Handling
Simple Machines
• 7. When using wheels and
axles, like bikes and
skateboards, use a helmet and
make sure the wheel and axle
are firmly attaches to each
other.