MARITIME ENGLISH Familiarization

FOR NEW MARITIME ENGLISH TEACHERS

A. CHALID PASYAH, Dip.Tesl. M.Pd.

1
 ENGLISH
LANGUAGE

COMMUNI-
CATIVE MARITIME
COMPE- ENGLISH
TENCE

STCW 2010
IMO 3.17 –
– ISM CODE
SMCP
– SOLAS

2–2
 Scope of MARITIME ENGLISH
• set languages (IMO SMCPs )
• shipbuilding,
• seamanship,
• cargo handling,
• meteorology and oceanography,
• marine engineering,
• electricity, electronics, automation,
• port operations,
• marine pollution,
• safety of life at sea,
• international rules and regulations,
• marine insurance,
• shipping, business transactions,
• catering and tourism.

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 COMMUNICATION: Verbal & Non-verbal
• Communication is successful only when the receiver understands the
message as intended by the sender.
• However, noise is any interference in the communication process that
distorts or obscures the sender’s meaning.
• Noise, as communication barriers, could be in any forms such as:
1. Differences in Perception & Language (Our perceptions are unique and
no one shares the same perception)
2. Poor Listening (Most of us are poor listeners that we are likely to let our
mind drift off).
3. Emotional Interference (It lies in the expression of our emotion)
4. Cultural Differences (The sender and the receiver do not share the same
ideas nor have the same understanding about certain things).
5. Physical Distractions (The noise, like poor acoustics, poor lighting,
health problems, or uncomfortable chairs, do not block communication,
but may reduce the receiver’s concentration)

2–4
 VERBAL COMMUNICATION

• Verbal Communication: using words

• Used when we want to discuss past events, ideas,
abstractions.
• Needs symbols that stand for thoughts.
• Comprises four basic Skills of Language;
(Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing).
• Listening and Reading are the Input (Receiving);
Speaking and Writing are the Output (Sending /
Transmitting)

2–5
 NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION
• Communication without words.
• Usually using cues, gestures, or attitudes toward time (using human
bodies).
• Using various body language, such as facial expression, eye contact,
hand gestures, style of dress, body movements, etc.
• To express superiority, dependence, dislike, respect, love, etc.
Examples : 1. Gritting the teeth (to show anger);
2. Smiling or touching (to indicate affection).
• Less structured, but more difficult to study; (Experts do not know how
people learn non-verbal behaviour, or No one teaches a baby to cry or
smile).
• Universal, spontaneous, unconscious, natural. (Good communicators
recognize the value of non-verbal communication and use it to
enhance the communication process

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 COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE

LANGUAGE SKILLS:
LANGUAGE SYSTEMS:
LISTENING
VOCABULARY
SPEAKING
GRAMMAR
READING
PRONUNCIATION
WRITING

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 Communicative Competence
Interesting fact :
People spend more time receiving information ( L + R = 61% ) than transmitting it
( S + W = 39% ).

LISTENING: 45%
READING: 16%
SPEAKING: 30%
WRITING: 9%

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 ENGLISH LEARNING is affected by 2 factors;
Linguistic & Non-Linguistic

LINGUISTIC FACTORS:
• Nature of Difficulties (i.e. tense system)
• Bilingual Relationship (English & Mother Tongue: Dutch learn
German more easily than Indonesians, as Indonesia is an EFL
country, not ENL nor ESL country. So most Indonesians learn
English based on Instrumental Motivation)
• Learning Experience (the more experience, the more
confident)
• Language Systems (macro factors: writing system,
pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary)
• Language Skills (listening, speaking, reading and writing);
Individual has more and less skills than others
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NON-LINGUISTIC FACTORS:
• Learners (1.Linguistic Talent: speed & mastery, 2.Motivation:
instrumental-ESP or integral-pleasure, 3.Perseverance: patient &
diligent in practice, 4.Intelligence, 5.Personality: extrovert & introvert,
6.Memory: listen longer, 7.Emotion, 8.Age: 24-36-68, 9.Gender: women
generally has more linguistic talent.
• Teachers (Ability, Education, Talent)
• Methods (No single method fits all, the most essential is goal
achievement)
• Materials / Subjects (Sequential Grading)
• Goals (Student Needs Fulfillment)
• Time (Flexible, Endless, Enjoyable)
• Class Size (Ideally max 20 students)
• Facilities (Complete, Modern, Multimedia)
• Social Culture (Positive, Supporting)

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 ENGLISH USAGE AMONG COUNTRIES IN THE WORLD

The Primary Language (ENL):

Australia, Bermuda, Belize, Canada, Republic of Ireland, Jamaica, New
Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The Second Official Language (ESL):

Fiji, Ghana, India, Liberia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the
Philippines, Puerto Rico, Singapore, Malaysia, Zimbabwe, South Africa,
Hong Kong and Mauritius.

The Foreign Language (EFL): the lingua franca

Indonesia, Japan, Korea, China, Vietnam, Taiwan, and several Eastern
European Countries, currently most often taught as a second language.

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 Essence of Communication on board

• Shipping Accidents and Human Element.

• Approximately 80% of all shipping accidents and
disasters are attributed to the human element.
• Multi-lingual crewing involves risks regarding language
and communication: this is an important factor in the
human element in the field of safety in shipping.
• Maritime English proficiency is a critical factor in
communication

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 Purpose of SMCP
• Standardize language used in the light of the increasing
number of internationally trading vessels with crews
speaking many languages since problems of
communication may cause misunderstandings leading to
dangers to the vessel, the people on board and the
environment.‘
• Provide ‘navigational and safety communications from
ship to shore and vice versa, ship to ship and on board’
• Provide phrases which are ‘precise, simple and
unambiguous so as to avoid confusion and error.’
• Assist maritime training institutions to meet the
objectives mentioned above
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 ENGLISH LANGUAGE
A Requirement in STCW 2010

CHAPTERS II, III, and IV - Code A

• Adequate knowledge of written and spoken English
emphasizing on nautical or technical terminologies is
compulsory for Navigational, Engineer Watchkeeping
Officers and Radio Officers / Operators.
• Use the IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases
and use English in written and oral form.
• A concise and precise understanding Helm Orders in
English is strongly recommended for Navigational
Watchkeeping Ratings.

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 ENGLISH LANGUAGE
A Requirement in STCW 2010
Code A.II / 1 ( page 104 ) :
Minimum standard of competence for officers in charge of a navigational
watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or more.
(Function: Navigation at the Operational Level & Competence: Use IMO
SMCPs and English in Written and Oral form)
Adequate knowledge of the English language to enable the officers :
• To use charts and other nautical publications.
• To understand meteorological information and messages cocerning
ship’s safety and operation.
• To communicate with other ships, coast station and VTS
centres.
• To perform the officer’s duties with a multilingual crew.
• To use and understand the IMO SMCPs

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 IMO Model Course 3.17 – Maritime English
GME
PURPOSE (General Maritime
English)
• to assist maritime • means that the first
training institutes and stage of Maritime English
their staff in organizing instruction could be
and introducing new general
training courses or in • to teach the language for
enhancing, updating or the language's sake
supplementing existing through the application,
training material for example, of maritime
• It is not to present scenarios
instructors with a rigid • designed for trainees
"teaching package" Nor who have an elementary
to substitute and lower intermediate
programmed material. or intermediate level of
English
SME
(Specialized
Maritime English)
• means that the second
stage of Maritime English
instruction could be
maritime-specific.
• to achieve the effective
communication
competences of specific
maritime duties through
the application of the
English language
• consists of six parts of
English communication
competences as clearly
required in the STCW
Convention
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Specialized Maritime English - SME

• SME for officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of 500 gross tonnage or
Part. more – (A-II/1)
2.1
• SME for officers in charge of an engineering watch in a manned engine-room or
Part. designated duty engineers in a periodically unmanned engine-room – (A-III/1)
2.2

Part. • SME for Electro-Technical Officers (ETO) – (A-III/6)

2.3

Part. • SME for ratings forming part of a navigational watch (A-II/4)

2.4

Part. • SME English for GMDSS radio operators – (A-IV/2)

2.5
• SME for personnel providing direct service to passengers in passenger spaces on
Part. passenger ships – (A-V/2)
2.6

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Role of Top Management

• The cornerstone of good management is:

 Commitment from the top
management; and
 Dedication from the operating
personnel.

• The ISM Code foundation is also based on

this paradigm and requires:
 Management commitment.

 Staff / personnel empowerment.

 Continuous improvement.

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ISM Code (International Safety Management Code)

• A shipping-specific international
regulations with the ultimate
objectives:

 To ensure safety at sea.

 To prevent human injury or

loss of life.

 To avoid damage to the

environment and the ship.

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What is Management ?

• Management
 The planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling of human and other resources to
achieve organizational goals effectively and
efficiently.
• Managers
 The people responsible for supervising the use
of an organization’s resources to meet its
goals.
• Resources are organizational assets
 People  Skills  Knowledge
 Information
 Raw materials  Machinery
 Financial capital

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The Systems Relationship among the Management Functions

Planning
Management
Functions

Controlling Organizing

Management
Skills

Leading

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The Management Task

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 ATTENTION

FOR YOUR

THANK YOU

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