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Predicting Periods and Groups
Predicting Periods and Groups
AND GROUPS
GUIDELINES IN DETERMINING PERIOD AND
GROUP
1. If the electron configuration of the elements ends in s or p, then the
elements belongs to family A; otherwise, the elements belongs to
family B.
2. The outermost energy level of the element corresponds to its period.
3. For an element belonging to family A, the number of electrons in the
outermost energy level corresponds to the group of the element.
4. For an element belonging to B (provided that the electron configuration
does not end in f), the total number of electrons in the outermost
energy level and the incomplete inner sublevel is equal to the group
number except for the following sum whose corresponding groups are
indicated:
GUIDELINES IN DETERMINING PERIOD AND
GROUP
Total Number of Electrons
in the Outermost Energy
Level and the Incomplete
Sublevel Group
9 VIII
10 VIII
11 I
Example 1.1
Predict the period and the group of each of the following elements:
a. 14 N d. 59 Co
7 27
b. 24 Mg e. 108 Ag
12 47
c. 80 Br f. 65 Zn
35 30
a.
14 N
7
e- in the OEL
1s2 2s2 2p3 sum = 5 ( group)
ends in p (family A)
H
Li
Na
K
Rb
Cs
Fr
Answer
2. Fr
Predict the period and group of each of
the following elements:
1. K
2. Cr
3. Cl
4. Fe
5. Kr
6. Cu
7. Cd