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Principles and Problems: Chapter 2: Representing Motion
Principles and Problems: Chapter 2: Representing Motion
Principles and Problems: Chapter 2: Representing Motion
2 Representing Motion
BIG IDEA
2 Table Of Contents
MAIN IDEA
You can use motion diagrams to show how an object’s
position changes over time.
Essential Questions
• How do motion diagrams represent motion?
• How can you use a particle model to represent a moving
object?
SECTION
Review Vocabulary
• Model a representation of an idea, event, structure or
object to help people better understand it.
New Vocabulary
• Motion diagram
• Particle model
SECTION
Motion Diagrams
Answer
Answer: Keeping track of the motion of the runner is
easier if we disregard the movements of the arms and
the legs, and instead concentrate on a single point at
the center of the body. In effect, we can disregard the
fact that the runner has some size and imagine that
the runner is a very small object located precisely at
that central point. A particle model is a simplified
version of a motion diagram in which the object in
motion is replaced by a series of single points.
SECTION
Answer
Answer
Reason: In a motion diagram or a particle model,
we relate the motion of the object with the
background, which indicates that relative
to the background, only the object is in
motion.
SECTION
MAIN IDEA
A coordinate system is helpful when you are describing motion.
Essential Questions
• What is a coordinate system?
• How does the chosen coordinate system affect the sign of
objects’ positions?
• How are time intervals measured?
• What is displacement?
• How are motion diagrams helpful in answering questions
about an object’s position or displacement?
SECTION
Review Vocabulary
• Dimension extension in a given direction;one
dimension is along a straight line; three dimensions are
height, width and length.
New Vocabulary
• Coordinate system • Vector
• Origin • Scalar
• Position • Time interval
• Distance • Displacement
• Magnitude • Resultant
SECTION
Coordinate Systems
• A coordinate system tells you the location of the
zero point of the variable you are studying and
the direction in which the values of the variable
increase.
• The origin is the point at which both variables
have the value zero.
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Quantities that have both magnitude and
direction are called vectors, and can be
represented by arrows. Quantities that are just
numbers without any direction, such as time, are
called scalars.
SECTION
What is displacement?
A. the vector drawn from the initial position to the final
position of the motion in a coordinate system
B. the distance between the initial position and the final
position of the motion in a coordinate system
C. the amount by which the object is displaced from the
initial position
D. the amount by which the object moved from the initial
position
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Options B, C, and D are all defining the
distance of the motion and not the
displacement. Displacement is a vector
drawn from the starting position to the final
position.
SECTION
A. 20 min C. 25 min
B. 45 min D. 5 min
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Time interval t = tf – ti
Therefore, t = 25 min
SECTION
MAIN IDEA
You can use position-time graphs to determine an object’s
position at a certain time.
Essential Questions
• What information do position-time graphs provide?
• How can you use a position-time graph to interpret an
object’s position or displacement?
• What are the purposes of equivalent representations of
an object’s motion?
SECTION
Review Vocabulary
• Intersection a point where lines meet and cross.
New Vocabulary
• Position-time graph
• Instantaneous position
SECTION
Finding Positions
A. 6.0 s
B. 6.5 s
C. 5.5 s
D. 7.0 s
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Draw a horizontal line
from the position of 65 m to the
line of best fit. Draw a vertical
line to touch the time axis from
the point of intersection of the
horizontal line and line of best fit.
Note the time where the vertical
line crosses the time axis. This is
the estimated time taken by the
athlete to reach 65 m.
SECTION
A. 15 m
B. 20 m
C. 25 m
D. 30 m
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Draw a vertical line
from the position of 2.5 m to the
line of best fit. Draw a horizontal
line to touch the position axis
from the point of intersection of
the vertical line and line of best
fit. Note the position where the
horizontal line crosses the
position axis. This is the
instantaneous position of the
athlete at 2.5 s.
SECTION
Answer
Reason: The two brothers meet at 6 s. In the figure,
we find the intersection of lines representing the
motion of one brother with the line representing the
motion of other brother. These lines intersect at 6 s
and at 60 m.
SECTION
MAIN IDEA
An object’s velocity is the rate of change in its position.
Essential Questions
• What is velocity?
• What is the difference between speed and velocity?
• How can you determine an object’s average velocity
from a position-time graph?
• How can you represent motion with pictorial, physical,
and mathematical models?
SECTION
Review Vocabulary
• Absolute value magnitude of a number, regardless of
sign.
New Vocabulary
• Average velocity
• Average speed
• Instantaneous velocity
SECTION
Average Velocity ≡ Δx
_______ (xf - xi)
= ________
Δt (tf - ti)
Δx
= _____
Δt
(xf - xi)
= ______
(tf - ti)
SECTION
Equation of Motion
• Using the position-time graph
used before with a slope of
-5.0m/s, remember that you
can represent any straight line
with the equation, y = mx + b.
• y is the quantity plotted on the
vertical axis, m is the line’s
slope, x is the quantity plotted
on the horizontal axis and b is
the line’s y-intercept.
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Options A, B, and C define the speed of
the object’s motion. The velocity of a
moving object is defined as the ratio of the
displacement (x) to the time interval (t).
SECTION
Answer
Reason: Average velocity is a vector quantity,
whereas all other statements are true for
scalar quantities.
SECTION
A. 2.5 m/s
B. 5 m/s
C. 2 m/s
D. 10 m/s
SECTION
Answer
Reason: The average velocity of an object is the
slope of a position-time graph.
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Resources
Physics Online
Study Guide
Chapter Assessment Questions
Standardized Test Practice
SECTION
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
A. 5 m
B. 10 m
C. 25 m
D. 50 m
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
Reason: (25m/s)(0.2s) = 5m
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
A. 20 m
B. 33 km/s
C. 300 km west
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Assessment
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
A. 6.2 m/s
B. 7.1 m/s
C. 8.9 m/s
D. 11 m/s
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
A. 0 m
B. 200 m
C. 400 m
D. 800 m
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
2 Representing Motion
Standardized Test Practice
Test-Taking Tip
Stock up on Supplies
Bring all your test-taking tools: number two pencils,
black and blue pens, erasers, correction fluid, a
sharpener, a ruler, a calculator, and a protractor.
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Resources
Coordinate Systems
CHAPTER
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Resources
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Resources
2 Representing Motion
Chapter Resources