Valve Basic Training

Materials of Valve

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 1)Valve Material

Materials Used in Valves

Metal Non-metal

Ferrous（iron, steel) Rubber

Non-Ferrous (copper, aluminum) & PVC

Cast Forged
materials materials

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Comparison of Different Valve Materials

Body Pressure Heat Corrosion Ease of Cost of Nominal size

materials capability resistance resistance Manufacturing Production range

Medium to
Cast iron С D E A A Large
Bronze/
С D C A D Small
brass
Ductile Small to
B C E B B Medium
iron
Carbon
A B D C C Large
steel
Stainless Small to
A A B D E Large
steel
High alloy Small to
A B A E F Large
steel

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 1)Valve Material

1 Cast irons

Gray cast ASTM A126

iron class A, B, etc.

Ductile cast ASTM A 395, A

iron 536 ,etc

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1-1 Gray cast iron

Material Characteristics
● Easy casting. (Dissolution temperature 200 to 300℃ lower than steel. Almost no
shrinkage when solidified)
● High wear-resistance and vibration absorption.
● Highly corrosion-resistant to water, but the resistance varies by types of
impurities. Highly resistant to alkalines but not to acids.

■ Not applicable to welding

■ Not used at below 0℃.

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1-2 Ductile cast iron

Material Characteristics

● Easy manufacturing seen in cast iron in general and high robustness

and strength equivalent to steel.
(With its nodular shape, stress concentration of the graphite part is
small.) Easy machining.

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2 Cast steels

For high temperature

Carbon
WCB
steel

service

For low temperature service LCB

Cast steel

For high temperature

service WC6，C5, etc
Low-alloy
Alloy steel

steel For low temperature

service LC1，2, etc

Stainless Steel CF8, CF8M, etc

High-alloy
steel For corrosion
resistance
M-35-1,
CW12-MW, etc

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3 Forged steels & Stainless Steel

Stainless steels for pressure vessel

A182 Gr.F304, F316, etc.

Forged carbon steels for pressure vessel

A105, etc.

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5 Non-Ferrous Materials

Material classification

Bronze casting (B62, B584, etc.)

Copper alloy Forged brass (B283, etc)
Brass bar (B16, B124 etc)

Cast aluminum alloy

Aluminum alloy Aluminum die cast

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5-1 Copper Alloys

• Bronze and brass

Sn 5% Pb 5%

Typical cast bronze

B 62

Cu 85% Zn 5%

Typical brass bar

B 124

Cu 60% Zn 40%

The above percentages are reference

values. They vary within certain ranges.
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5-1 Copper Alloys (Cont’d)

Material Characteristics
Advantage Disadvantage
High wear/ corrosion/ Low mechanical
pressure resistances strength and low
Cast bronze with easy machining elasticity
and suitable for casting. Lead elution

High mechanical corrosion in salt water

Cast brass strength with easy solution and stress
Brass bar for machining and suitable corrosion cracking in
forging for forging. ammonium
More economical than atmosphere
Brass bar bronze

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5-2 Aluminum

Material Characteristics
Cast aluminum alloy Aluminum die cast

Advantages

Low density. Aluminum prevents corrosion by itself. Suitable

for processing and forging. High pressure/ corrosion
resistance. Die cast is economical.

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6 Non-metal Materials

Rubber

EPDM Ethylene propylene rubber

NBR Acrylonitrile-Butadiene Rubber

FKM Viton®

Resin

PTFE Poly-tetrafluoroethylene Teflon®

HYPATITE® Modified PTFE

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6-1 Resin

Category Characteristics

■ High chemical stability

■ Significant cold flow
PTFE
（Likely to cause seat deformation)
■ Swelling due to monomer penetration

■ Chemical stability equivalent to PTFE

■ Small cold flow
HYPATITEⓇ
（High elasticity and restoration ability)
PTFE
■High durability with pressure/ temperature
higher than PTFE.

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7 Valve Parts & Materials

Gate, Globe, Check valves

Parts
Valves
Body Bonnet Stem Disc Seat ring

Bronze/ B 62 B 62 B 124 B 62
*1
brass B 283 B 283 K-metal B 283

F6a F6a
A 126 A 126 A 126
Cast iron Type 304 Type 304
Class B Class B Class B
B 283 B 62

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 1)Valve Material

7 Valve Parts & Materials (Cont’d)

Gate, Globe, Check valves (Cont’d)

Parts
Body Bonnet Stem Disc Seat ring
Valves

F6a
Ductile A 395 A 395 F6a F6a
WCB *1

CA15 A105
Cast steel WCB WCB F6a
WCB *2 *2

Stainless CF 8 CF CF 8 F304 CF 8 *3
steel 8M CF 8M F316 CF 8M

＊1 The seat surface uses 13Cr for cladding or FCD-S threaded with SUS403 ring.
＊2 The seat surface uses 13Cr cladding for the disc and Stellite cladding for the seat ring.
＊3 Integrated with the body
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7 Valve Parts & Materials (Cont’d)

Ball valves
Parts Ball
Body Cap Stem Ball
Valves seat

Bronze B 62 B 62 K metal B 283

PTFE
and brass B283 B 283 Type 304 Type304

A126 A126
Cast iron Type 304 Type 304
A395 A395

HYPATITE
Stainless CF 8 CF 8 Type 304 Type304
steel CF8M CF8M Type 316 Type316
Ⓡ
Cast steel WCB WCB Type 304 Type304

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7 Valve Parts & Materials (Cont’d)

Butterfly valves
Valves
Materials
Body Stem Disc Seat

CF 8, CF 8M
A 536 EPDM
A 536+ENP
Cast iron CF 8, CF 8M
Type
A 126 410 A 536+ENP NBR
A 536 + Nylon lining

Aluminum Die-Cast CF 8M EPDM

Stainless Type
CF 8 CF 8 PTFE
steel 304N

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 1)Valve Material

Thank you for attendance!

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