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Test Reliability
Test Reliability
Definitions
• Test Construction
• Item sampling or contentsampling, or the variation
among items within a test, as well as to variationamong
items between tests.
• Higher scores may be obtained when the test takers are
familiar with the items that were sampled (or made part
of the test taken). There are other items that were
unfamiliar to test takers that could have been asked inthe
test, and this would have lowered the test taker’s score.
Sources of Error Variance (Cohen and Swerdlik, 2009)
• Test Administration
• Test environment, i.e., room temperature, level of
lighting, ventilation, changes in weather, broken pencil
point, and noise
• Test-taker variables, i.e., emotional problems, physical
discomfort, lack of sleep, illness, fatigue, drugs or
medications taken, worry
• Examiner-related variables, i.e., physical appearance and
demeanor, manner of speaking, emphasis on certain
words (unknowingly providingclues), eye nodding, other
nonverbal gestures
Sources of Error Variance (Cohen and Swerdlik, 2009)
Percentage form
Percentage form