TYPES AND PHASES

OF COUNSELLING -
INTERVIEW
 DEFINITION
• ACCORDING TO ROBINSON -THE TERM COUNSELLING
COVERS ALL TYPES OF TWO PERSON SITUATIONS IN
WHICH ONE PERSON, THE CLIENT IS HELPED TO ADJUST
MORE EFFECTIVELY TO HIMSELF AND HIS
ENVIRONMENT.
• ACCORDING TO SHOSTORM AND BRAMMER (1952) : -
COUNSELLING IS A PURPOSEFUL RECIPROCAL
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO PEOPLE IN WHICH ONE A
TRAINED PERSON HELPS THE OTHER TO CHANGE
HIMSELF OR HIS ENVIRONMENT.
 ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIP
ADEQUATE SOCIAL SKILL -
• INTRODUCE YOURSELF.
• LISTEN ATTENTIVELY AND REMEMBER THE CLIENTS NAME.
• ALWAYS ADDRESS THE INDIVIDUAL BY HIS/HER PREFERRED
NAME.
• ENSURE PHYSICAL COMFORT.
• DO NOT INTERRUPT THE INDIVIDUAL WHILE HE/SHE IS
TALKING.
• OBSERVE NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION.
 ASSESSMENT - SEVERAL SPECIFIC
SKILL SUCH AS
• OBSERVATIONS
• ENQUIRY
• MAKING ASSOCIATIONS AMONG FACTS
• RECORDING
• MAKING EDUCATED GUESSES
• RECORDING OF INFORMATION SHOULD BE DONE
SYSTEMATICALLY AND PROMPTLY
 SETTING GOALS
• THE PROCESS OF SETTING GOALS IS COOPERATIVELY DONE BY THE
COUNSELLOR AND THE INDIVIDUAL IT REQUIRES;
• THE SKILL OF DRAWING INFERENCE.
• DIFFERENTIATION AND.
• TEACHING INDIVIDUALS TO THINK REALISTICALLY.
 DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING
DEFINITION -
COUNSELLING DURING WHICH A PROFESSIONAL
PLAY AN ACTIVE ROLE IN A CLIENTS OR PATIENTS
DECISION MAKING BY OFFERING ADVICE,
GUIDANCE, AND/OR RECOMMENDATIONS.
 STAGES IN COUNSELLING -
• THE COUNSELEE SEEKS THE HELP OF THE COUNSELLOR.
• THE COUNSELEE GIVES FREE EXPRESSION TO THE
EMOTIONALIZED ATTITUDES.
• THE COUNSELEE GAINS INSIGHT.
• THE COUNSELEE FORMULATES PLANS.
• THE COUNSELEE TERMINATES THE COUNSELLING CONTRACT
 NON DIRECTIVE OR CLIENT CENTERED
COUNSELLING
DEFINITION -
NON DIRECTIVE OF RELATING TO, OR BEING PSYCHOTHERAPY,
COUNSELLING OR INTERVIEWING IN WHICH THE COUNSELLOR
REFRAINS FROM INTERPRETATION OR EXPLANATION BUT
ENCOURAGES THE CLIENT TO TALK FREELY.
 ECLECTIC COUNSELLING

DEFINITION - THE COUNSELLOR WILL MAKE USE OF

BOTH DIRECTIVE AND NON-DIRECTIVE COUNSELLING
WHICH MAY BE CONSIDERED USEFUL FOR THE
PURPOSE OF MODIFYING THE IDEAS AND ATTITUDES
OF THE COUNSELEE.
 INTERVIEW
COUNSELLING MAYBE PRECEDED BY AN
INTERVIEW; THE COUNSELLOR WILL TRY TO
ESTABLISH RAPPORT AND STRUCTURING HAS TO
BE DONE SO THAT THE CLIENT UNDERSTANDS
WHAT TO EXCEPT AT COUNSELLING.
INTERVIEW CONSIST OF : CONSULTATION . MUTUAL
INTERCHANGE OF OPINIONS AND DELIBERATING
TOGETHER.