Reverse Time Migration

Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
 Liberty Park Lake
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
 Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
 ZO Modeling
5
1-way time

0
Reverse Order Traces in Time
 Reverse Time Migration
(Go Backwards in Time)
0
1-way time

-5

T=0 Focuses at Hand Grenades

 Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
 Reverse Time Migration
(Reverse Traces Go Forward in Time)
0
1-way time

-5

T=0 Focuses at Hand Grenades

 Poststack RTM
1. Reverse Time Order of Traces
5 0
1-way time

1-way time
0 -5

2. Reversed Traces are Wavelets of

loudspeakers
 Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
 Forward Modeling
for it=1:1:nt
p2 = 2*p1 - p0 + cns.*del2(p1);
p2(xs,zs) = p2(xs,zs) + RICKER(it); % Add bodypoint src term
p0=p1;p1=p2;
end

Reverse Time Modeling

for it=nt:-1:1
p2 = 2*p1 - p0 + cns.*del2(p1);
p2(1:nx,2) = p2(1:nx,2) + data(1:nx,it); % Add bodypoint src term
p0=p1;p1=p2;
end
Numerical Examples
 3D Synthetic Data
3D SEG/EAGE Salt Model
Z 2.0 Km

4
 3D Synthetic Data
W E Kirchhoff
0 Migration
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.5
5
Cross line 160
 3D Synthetic Data
Kirchhoff Migration
W E
0
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.56
Cross line 180
 3D Synthetic Data
Kirchhoff
W E
Migration
0
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.57
Cross line 200
Numerical Examples

•GOM Data
•Prism Synthetic Example
GOM Kirchhoff

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GOM RTM

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Numerical Examples

•GOM Data
•Prism Synthetic Example
 Prism Wave Migration
One Way Migration of Prestack Data RTM of Prestack Data

Courtesy TLE: Farmer et al. (2006)

 Summary
1. RTM much more expensive than Kirchhoff Mig.
2. If V(x,y,z) accurate then all multiples
Included so better S/N ration and better
Resolution.
3. If V(x,y,z) not accurate then smooth velocity
Model seems to work better. Free surface multiples
included.

4. RTM worth it for salt models, not layered V(x,y,z).

5. RTM is State of art for GOM and Salt Structures.

 Solution
• Claim: Image both Primaries and Multiples
• Methods: RTM

A D

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 Piecemeal Methods
2-Way Mirror Wave Migration:

• Assume Knowledge of Important Mirror

• Reverse Time Migration
A D

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