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Unscramble Me: 1. Liosac Ssdiute 2. Lainoloc Gisnori 3. Enw Rpbleuic 4. Lcvii Rwa 5. Pgrrssvoeie Are 6. Lltbae
Unscramble Me: 1. Liosac Ssdiute 2. Lainoloc Gisnori 3. Enw Rpbleuic 4. Lcvii Rwa 5. Pgrrssvoeie Are 6. Lltbae
Unscramble Me: 1. Liosac Ssdiute 2. Lainoloc Gisnori 3. Enw Rpbleuic 4. Lcvii Rwa 5. Pgrrssvoeie Are 6. Lltbae
6. LLTBAE BATTLE
UNIT IV
HISTORICAL AND
PHILOSOPHICAL
BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL
STUDIES
3
UNIT IV: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL STUDIES
Reading
General
Education Writing
Arithmetic
12
Horace Mann
(May 4, 1796 – August 2, 1859)
○ American educational reformer.
FINISH!
What can you
say about this
picture?
19
UNIT IV: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL STUDIES
WHAT IS ITS
CONNECTION TO THE
HISTORY OF SOCIAL
STUDIES?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war
22
AMERICAN CIVIL WAR (1861-1865)
o 1860 most states accepted the idea of universal elementary education and in
the process of developing tax-supported public elementary school
o During this period, the elements of social studies education came to include
history, civics and geography.
o History courses began to replace geography as an important subject to be
studied.
24
George Bancroft
○ Professor of history from Massachusetts,
United States
IS THERE A RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE SOCIAL STUDIES
AND SOCIAL CHANGE IN
AMERICAN SOCIETY?
28
PROGRESSIVE ERA
It was a period of widespread social
activism and political reform across the
United States that spanned the 1890s to the
1920s.
industrialization immigration
JOHN DEWEY
an educational philosopher, psychologist, and writer
he was a leading voice for progressive education at that
time
he promoted the link between learning andexperience
35
LUCY SALMON
• one of the first women to contribute to the establishment of
Social Studies
• she served as member of the influential Committee of
Seven
• she recognized the need to link history instruction with
geography and related subjects
38
• Progressive Education
• Child-centered
• Pragmatism
• Interdisciplinary
The authoritarian nature of disciplinary approach was
modified in favor of applied(authentic human actions).
SEVEN CARDINAL PRINCIPLES 44
1. Health
2. Command of Fundamental Processes
3. Worthy of Membership
4. Vocation
5. Citizenship
6. Worthy of Leisure
7. Ethical Character
45
Health
The general public should be educated on the
importance of good health. Teachers should
be examples for good health and schools
should furnish good equipment and safe
buildings.
46
Vocation
The objective of this principle is that the
student gets to know him or herself and a
variety of careers so that the student can
choose the most suitable career. The student
should then develop an understanding of the
relationship between the vocation and the
community in which one lives and works.
49
Citizenship
The goal of this is to develop an awareness
and concern for one's own community. A
student should gain knowledge of social
organizations and a commitment to civic
morality
50
Worth of Leisure
The idea behind this principle is that education
should give the student the skills to enrich
his/her body, mind, spirit and personality in
his/her leisure.
51
Ethical Character
This principle involves instilling in the student
the notion of personal responsibility and
initiative. Appropriate teaching methods and
school organization are the primary examples
that should be used.
52
53
UNIT IV: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL STUDIES
○ Great depression
EFFECTS
○ Role of the governmenment
OF WAR
○ Class conflicts
○ Rift between academicians and
educationist
57
Allan Nevins
(May 20,1890-March 5,1871)
○ American historian journalist
○ He attacked the nature of social
studies program for its integrated and
weak content.
Ralph Robey
(1809-1 April 1864)
Arthur Bestor
(1908-1994)
• Historian
• Founding member and pass
president of the Council for
Basic Education
“
63
3. Intuitive Thinking
Bruners says that we might know exactly what that means, but
we can all " distinguish between inartculate genius and articulate
idiocy."
Conscious Competence –( Inarticulate Genius )
- this person gets the job done and knows why.
Conscious Incompetence – (Articulate Idiocy)
- this person is incapable and knows it.
Further demands for greater inclusion and new emphasis role from the proponents of Multicultural
education, feminism and the women's movement, and these proposing the STUDY OF GLOBAL
CHANGES such as ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION. But what would be educed or eliminated from the
classroom to make places for these topics?
The 1970's arrived with the SOCIAL STUDIES once again under attack and still SEARCH FOR
IDENTITY. Looking back from our vantage point in the late seventees, it would seem that the issues
that and confronted the SOCIAL STUDIES for the past 70 years were still unresolved: concern over
the question of INDOCTRINATION,CONFLICTING GOALS OF INSTRUCTION, AND DISPUTES
OVER CONTENT.
85
The 1893 National Education Committee of TEN
(The Madison Conference)
• This committee attempted to resolve a basic question about the mision and the
purpose of the emerging high schools. In their final recommendation, committee
members recommend a strong academic program for students who would not go
beyond high schools.
• History should emphasize "scientific" history over "patriotic" history .
• The goal of this committee was to "modernize" the SECONDARY CURRICULUM
and to establish a set of standard history course that would prepare college-bound
fo university admisssion.
86
The 1899 AHA Committee of SEVEN
• sponsored by the american historical association, the
members of this committee ocnsisted of seven emeninent
historians.
Critics of the social studies,including Chester Finn, then a Federal Education official,
and Dianne Ravitch (historian), responded with the educational excellence network,
which among other goals promoted. The teaching of history and geography as the most
important content areas of the social studies.
Gross 1988, those who disagreed with the critics of the social
studies feared that instructions would become focused on history
and geography with little room for other social studies disciplines.
• Date
• Events
• Place-name knowledge
90
NATIONAL COMMISSION ON SOCIAL STUDIES
• Organized by National Council For The Social Studies (1986)
• In 1989, this commission issued a final report entitled Charting A
Course: Social Studies For The 21st Century, which received mixed
reactions from educators because of its recommended emphasis on
history in the curriculum.
By the year 2000, American Students will leave Grade 4,8 and 12 having
demonstrated competency in challenging subject matter including english,
mathematics, science, history, and geography and every school will ensure
that all students learn to use their minds well so try maybe prepared for
responsible citizenship, further learning, and productive employment in our
modern economy.
92
• Currently, the membership of the council remains divided over the direction
in which the social studies seem to be going, therefore, these issues will
continue to be debated,even as now textbooks are being printed that
reflect the history/geography emphasis.
• "Good citizenship", some have believed, would follow from historical and
geographic knowledge and would not need special attention beyond these
fundamental.
In the last decade of the twentieth century, the advocates of traditional history will provide
continuing criticism and call for further change in the more progressively oriented social
studies.
In return the proponents of a citizenship/ issue centered social studies will advance their
own position.
94
95
UNIT IV: HISTORICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL
BACKGROUND OF SOCIAL STUDIES
As in the past, the federal government helped to fund the initial work aimed
at the development of the standards, but made no provision for implementation. As a
consequence, the National Council for Social Studies(NCSS) provided some funds for
the establishment of a statement that would identify important components of
knowledge and skills that could be used as the basis for the general assessment of
students. In 1994, NCSS published a 150 page statement on Social Studies standard
entitled Expectations of Excellence: Curriculum Standards for Social Studies. This
document identified ten thematic strands for the social studies, as well as specific
componentd of knowledge and skills for elementary, middle secondary, and high school
grades.
100
The primary content proposed for history were identified by the National
Center of History in the Schools located at UCLA in California. Its work
included the identification of content knowledge and skills.
Some leaders within the National Endowment for the Humanities who had
supported the adoption of standards took serious issue with the history
standards, mainly because important persons, events, and topics had been
excluded for what appeared to be more "politically correct" content that
focused on the contibutions of minorities and women. (Nash, Crabtree and
Dunn, 1998).
NOAH A. LUYA
CHRISTIAN ANGELO P. CASTILLO
NOREEN MAE B. CANICULA
MARIA CATRINA S. MILLAR
DENVER L. LEONADO
RONIE P. AMARO
JHENDRIX JEROME L. AMORAO
LEO CHELL TINAMPAY
NEL JOHN TABANAO
BOOK REFERENCE:
Designing Effective Instruction for Secondary
Studies
by Thomas L. Dynesson and Richard E. Gross