INTRODUCTION TO LIF

E SCIENCE
Prepared by: Group 1
LIFE SCIENCE:
• scientific study of living things
• it involves many levels investigation: from the study
of the interactions of animals and plants with their
environment
BRANCHES
BIOLOGY
concerned with the study of life a
nd living organisms including wit
h their structure, function, growt
h, origin, evolution, distribution a
nd taxonomy.
ZOOLOGY
branch of biology that relates to t
he animal kingdom and distributi
on of all animals both living and e
xtinct.
BOTANY
branch of biology that involves th
e scientific study of plant life.
MORPHOLOGY
a branch of biology that deals wit
h the form and structure of anim
als and plants
ECOLOGY
a branch of science concerned wi
th the interrelationship of organis
ms and their environment.
SOCIOBIOLOGY
the study of social organization a
nd behavior in animals
TAXONOMY
classification of plants and anima
ls according to their presumed na
tural relationship
ANATOMY
the study of parts that form a livi
ng thing (such as an animal or pla
nt)
BIG IDEAS IN LIFE SC
IENCE
The big ideas in life scien
ce include the following:
• Organisms are diverse, yet share similar characteris
tics.
• Group organisms change over time.
• The structure and function of organisms are comple
mentary
• Organisms operate on the same physical principles
as the rest of the natural world.
DIVERSE BUT S
IMILAR
-All living things require energy, p
lants are able to capture energy f
rom sunlight.
-Growth is the process by which
an organisms become larger.
-Development is the process of c
hange that causes an organism to
become more complex during its
lifetime
CHANGE OVER T
IME
-The gradual process of change t
hat occurs is in groups of organis
ms is called evolution
COMPLEMENTARY
STRUCTURE AND
FUNCTION
- Structure is the way that an org
anisms is put together as a whole
-Functions are the process that a
n enable an organism to survive
-They work together to meet the
needs of the organisms
PHYSICAL PRIN
CIPLES
-it helps to explain the life proces
ses
Example:
Eyes may look different but they
all operate on the similar physical
principles
INTRODUCTION TO CEL
L
CELL
• All living organisms are composed of cells. A cell is a
small, membrane-bound compartment that contain
s all the chemicals and molecules that help support
an organism's life.
• Cells can be thought of as building blocks of organis
ms.Some organisms are composed of a single cell.
Others, like ourselves, are composed of millions of c
ells that work together to perform the more comple
x functions that makes us different from bacteria.
ANIMAL CELL
- animal cell are eukaryotic cells,
or cells with a membrane-bound
nucleus. Unlike pokaryotic cells,
DNA in animal cells is housed wit
hin the nucleus. In addition to ha
ving a nucleus, animal cells also c
ontain other membrane-bound o
rganelles, or tiny cellular structur
e, that can carry out specific func
tions necessary or normal cellula
r operations. Organelles have a w
ide range of responsibilities that i
nclude everything from producin
g hormones and enzymes to
CELL MEMBRANE
• is the biological membrane that separates the interi
or of all cells from the outside environment. It basic
ally protects the cell from outside forces.
CYTOPLASM
• is the gel-like substance residing between the cell m
embrane holding all the cell's internal substances (o
rganelles), except for the nucleus
NUCLEUS
• the central part of most cells that contains genetic
material and is enclosed in a membrane
LYSOSOME
• a sacklike cellular organelle that contains various hy
drolytic enzymes
GOLGI BODY
• a cytoplasmic organelle that concists of a stack of s
everal to many smooth, membranous saccules and
associated vesicles active in the modification and tr
ansport of proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
• a system of interconnected vesicular and lamellar c
ytoplasmic membranes that functions especially in
the transport of materials within the cell and that is
studded with ribosomes in some places
MITOCHONDRIA
• any of various round or long cellular organelles of m
ost eukaryotes that are found outside the nucleus,
produce energy for the cell through cellular respira
tion, and are rich infants,proteins, and enzymes.
RIBOSOMES
• any of the RNA- rich cytoplasmic granules that are s
ites of protein synthesis.
PLANT CELL
-is any type of cell that comes fro
m an organism belonging to the K
ingdom Plantae
-plant cells are eukaryotic cells, o
r cells with a membrane-bound n
ucleus.
VACUOLE
• is a membrane-bound organelle which is present in
all plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal a
nd bacteria cells.
CELL WALL
• the usually rigid nonliving permeable wall that surr
ounds the plasma membrane and encloses and sup
ports the cells of most plants, bacteria, fungi, and al
gae
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A
NIMAL CELL AND PLANT
CELL
 ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

Nucleus: Present Present

Shape: Round (irregular Rectangular (fixed

shape) shape)

Chloroplast: Animal cells don't Plant cells have

have chloroplast chloroplast because
they make their own
food
Endoplasmic Present Present
Reticulum:

Ribosomes: Present Present

Mitochondria: Present Present

Golgi body: Present Present

 ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

Cell wall: Absent Present

Plasma membrane: Only cell membrane Cell wall and a cell

membrane

Vacuole: One or more small One, large central

vacuoles (much vacuole taking up 90%
smaller than plant of cell volume
cells)
Centrioles: Present in all animal Only present in lower
cells plant forms

Plastids : Absent Present