INTRODUCTION

 It is a common fact that we find a wide variety of construction

machines on every construction sites, which make the
construction jobs easy, safe and quicker.

 Depending on the application, construction machines are

classified into various categories which we are discussing
here.

A. Earthmoving equipments
B. Construction vehicles
C. Material handling equipments
D. Construction equipments
 GROUP A : EARTHMOVING
EQUIPMENTS

*Earthmoving equipment is used in the construction industry to :

- shift large amounts of earth,
- dig foundations and landscape areas.

*Types of earthmoving equipment include hydraulic excavators,

bulldozers, compressors and loaders.
 A1 :

EXCAVATORS
Excavators are heavy construction equipment consisting of a
boom, stick, bucket and cab on a rotating platform (known as the
"house").

 The house sits atop an undercarriage with tracks or wheels.

 Excavators are also called diggers

 Excavators are used in many ways:

 Digging of trenches, holes, foundations
 Material handling
 Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
 Forestry work
 Demolition
 General grading/landscaping
 Heavy lift, e.g. lifting and placing of pipes
 Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining
 River dredging
 Driving piles, in conjunction with a pile driver
A1 :
EXCAVATORS
A2 :
LOADERS
 A loader is a heavy
equipment machine often
used in construction,
primarily used to Load
material (such as asphalt,
demolition debris, dirt,
snow, feed, gravel, logs,
raw minerals, recycled
material, rock, sand, and
woodchips) into or onto
another type of machinery
(such as a dump truck,
conveyor belt, feed-
hopper, or railcar).
A3 : SKID STEER
LOADERS
 A skid loader or skid-steer
loader is a small rigid frame,
engine-powered machine
with lift arms used to attach a
wide variety of labor-saving
tools or attachments.
 Though sometimes they are
equipped with tracks, skid-
steer loaders are typically
four-wheel vehicles with the
wheels mechanically locked
in synchronization on each
side, and the left-side drive
wheels can be driven
independently of the right-
side drive wheels.
A4 :
GRADERS
 In civil engineering, the grader's
purpose is to "finish grade"
(refine, set precisely) the "rough
grading" performed by heavy
equipment or engineering
vehicles such scrapers
as bulldozers. and

 Graders are commonly used in the

construction and maintenance of
dirt roads and gravel roads.

 In the construction of paved roads

they are used to prepare the
base course to create a wide flat
surface for the asphalt to be
placed on. Graders are also used
to set native soil foundation pads
to finish grade prior to the
construction of large buildings.
 GROUP B : CONSTRUCTION
VEHICLES

* Engineering or Construction vehicles are heavy-duty vehicles,

specially designed for executing construction (Civil engineering) tasks,
most frequently, ones involving earth moving.
B1 :
DUMPERS
 A dumper is a vehicle
designed for carrying bulk
material, often on building
sites. Dumpers are
distinguished from dump
trucks by configuration: a
dumper is usually an open
4-wheeled vehicle with the
load skip in front of the
driver, while a dump truck
has its cab in front of the
load.
B1 :
DUMPERS
 The skip can tip to
dump the load; this is
where the
name comes
"dumper" from.
They are
diesel powered. normally
A
towing eye is fitted for
secondary
use a site tractor
as dumpers .
Modern of up to 10 tones
payloads have
and usually steer by
articulating at the middle of
the chassis.
B2 :
TIPPERS
 A truck or lorry the rear
platform of which can be
raised at the front end to
enable the load to be
discharged by gravity also
called tip truck.
B2 :
TIPPERS
 Tippers are suited for the
rough and tumble of
mining & quarrying
operations, as well as for
carrying bulk loads in
construction and
infrastructure industries.
Complete maneuverability,
high performance and
long-term endurance are
common to all trucks,
resulting in lower operating
costs.
B3 :
TRAILERS
 A trailer is generally an
unpowered vehicle pulled
by a powered vehicle.

 Commonly, the term trailer

refers to such vehicles
used for transport of
goods andrials.
mate
B3 :
TRAILERS
GROUP C : MATERIAL HANDLING
EQUIPMENTS
C1 :
CRANES
 A crane is a type of
machine, generally
equipped with a hoist, wire
ropes or chains, and
sheaves, that can be used
both to lift and
lower and
materials
them horizontallyto move
mainly . used for It is
things
heavy
transporting them to lifting
other
places. and
C1 :
CRANES
 It uses one or more simple
machines to create
mechanical advantage and
thus move loads beyond
the normal capability of a
man. Cranes are
commonly employed in the
transport industry for the
loading and unloading of
freight, in the construction
industry for the movement
of materials and in the
manufacturing industry for
the assembling of heavy
equipment.
C2 :
CONVEYORS
 A conveyor system is a
common piece of mechanical
handling equipment that
moves materials from one
location to another.
Conveyors are
useful in especially
applications
involving the transportation of
heavy or bulky materials.
Conveyor systems allow
quick and
transportation for a efficient
wide
variety of materials, which
make them very popular in
the material handling and
packaging industries
C2 :
CONVEYORS
C3 :
FORKLIFTS
 A forklift truck (also called a
lift truck, a fork truck, a
forklift, or a tow-motor) is a
powered industrial truck used
to lift and transport
materials.

 Forklift trucks are available in

capacities.
many variations In anda load
typical
warehouse setting
forklifts used have load most
capacities between one to
five tons. Larger machines,
up to 50 tons lift capacity are
used for lifting heavier loads,
C3 :
FORKLIFTS
GROUP D : CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS
D1 : TUNNELING AND HANDLING
EQUIPMENTS

  A tunnel boring machine (TBM) also known as a "mole", is a machine used

to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and
rock strata. They can bore through anything from hard rock to sand. Tunne
diameters can range from a meter (done with micro-TBMs) to 19.25 m to date
Tunnels of less than a meter or so in diameter are typically done

using construction
trenchless
methods or horizontal
directional drilling rather than
TBMs.
D2 : CONCRETE
MIXERS
 A mixer (also
concrete
commonly a
called
mixer) is a devicecementthat
homogeneously combines
cement, aggregate such
sand gravel, and aswater
or form concrete. A to
concretetypical
mixer uses a revolving
drum to mix the components.
For volume works
smaller concrete mixers are
portable
often used so that the concrete
can be made at the construction
site, giving the workers ample
time to use the concrete before
it hardens.
D2 : CONCRETE
MIXERS
 Special transport
concrete
trucks (in–transit mixers) are
made to transport and mix
concrete up to the construction
site. They can be charged with
dry materials and water, with the
mixing occurring during
transport. With this process, the
material has already
mixing. been The
transport concrete
truck maintains
mixing the
material's liquid state through
agitation, or turning of the drum,
until delivery.
D3 :
COMPACTORS
 A compactor is a machine or
mechanism used to reduce the
size of waste material or soil
through compaction.

 In construction, there are three

main types of compactor: the
plate compactor, the "Jumping
Jack" and the road roller. The
roller type compactors are used
for compacting crushed rock as
the base layer underneath
concrete or stone foundations or
slabs.
D3 :
COMPACTORS
 The plate compactor has a large
vibrating base plate and is
suited for creating a level grade,
while the jumping jack
compactor has a smaller foot.
The jumping jack type is mainly
used to compact the backfill in
narrow trenches for water or gas
supply pipes etc. Road rollers
may also have vibrating rollers.