HYDROCARBON

 Hydrocarbon, any of a class of organic

chemical compounds composed only of the
elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). The carbon
atoms join together to form the framework of
the compound, and the hydrogen atoms attach to
them in many different configurations. Hydrocarbons
are the principal constituents of petroleum and natural
gas. They serve as fuels and lubricants as well as raw
materials for the production of plastics, fibres, rubbers,
solvents, explosives, and industrial chemicals.
ALKANES
 Alkanes are chemical compounds that consist of
carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) atoms, so they are
also called hydrocarbons. The chemical structure
of alkanes only consists of single bonds.
 This group of compounds comprises a homologous
series with a general molecular formula of
C n H 2 n+2
PENTANE C5H12
OCTANE C8H18
Alkenes
Alkenes are a class of hydrocarbons (e.g,
containing only carbon and hydrogen) unsaturated
compounds with at least one carbon-to-carbon
double bond. Another term used to describe
alkenes is olefins. Alkenes are more reactive
than alkanes due to the presence of the double
bond. Alkenes have the formula
CnH2n
ETHENE (CH2=CH2)
PROPENE CH2=CHCH3
BUTENE CH2=CHCH2CH3
PENTENE CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3
HEXENE CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3
ALKYNES
 Alkynes are organic molecules made of the functional group carbon-
carbon triple bonds and are written in the empirical formula of
CnH2n−2 . They are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Like alkenes have the
suffix –ene, alkynes use the ending –yne; this suffix is used when there
is only one alkyne in the molecule. If a molecule contains both a double
and a triple bond, the carbon chain is numbered so that the first
multiple bond gets a lower number. If both bonds can be assigned the
same number, the double bond takes precedence. The molecule is then
named "n-ene-n-yne", with the double bond root name preceding the
triple bond root name (e.g. 2-hepten-4-yne).
ETHYNE C2H2
PROPYNE
BUTYNE
PENTYNE