BASIC CIVIL ENGINEERING

- Team Unknown
 CONTENTS
• Recycling of Solid Waste
o Energy Recovery
• Sanitary Landfill
• Onsite Sanitation
• Air Pollution
o Primary and Secondary
o Harmful Effects
o Control
 RECYCLING SOLID WASTE
• Waste is defined as any substances or objects that the holder discards or intends to discard. It
can be classified into non-hazardous waste such as packaging waste and hazardous waste
like chemical waste. Therefore, waste disposal should be seen as a last resort. Not only does
waste disposal mean that valuable resources and energy are being thrown away but also
biodegradable waste in landfill can emit methane. On the other hand, landfill space is
becoming restricted.

• Waste disposal can also have adverse impacts on local air pollution and greenhouse gas
emissions. Therefore, waste management can be defined as the collection, transport,
processing, recycling and monitoring of waste materials that are produced by human. It is
generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, environment and carried out to
recover resources from it.
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. It is
an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help
lower greenhouse gas emissions. Recycling can prevent the waste of potentially useful
materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, thereby reducing: energy
usage, air pollution and water pollution.

Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of
the "Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle" waste hierarchy. Thus, recycling aims at environmental
sustainability by substituting raw material inputs into and redirecting waste outputs out of
the economic system.
 ENERGY RECOVERY
• Energy recovery from waste is the conversion of non-recyclable waste
materials into useable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes,
including combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion, and
landfill gas (LFG) recovery. This process is often called waste-to-energy (WTE).
• Energy recovery from waste is part of the non-hazardous waste
management hierarchy. Converting non-recyclable waste materials into
electricity and heat generates a renewable1 energy source and reduces
carbon emissions by offsetting the need for energy from fossil sources and
reduces methane generation from landfills.
SANITARY LANDFILL