EARTH MOVING

EQUIPMENTS

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 CONSTRUCTION & WORKING OF
POWER SHOVEL

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 POWER SHOVELS
 Power Shovels are used primarily to excavate earth and
load it into trucks or tractor pulled wagons or onto or
onto conveyor belts.
 They are capable of excavating all classes of earth,
except solid rock, without prior loosening, like in
quarries, mines in any road projects etc.
 Power shovels are considered as basic tool for
excavating the materials and loading.
 They may be mounted on crawler tracks, in which case
they are referred to as crawler mounted shovels. Such
shovels have very low travel speeds.
 However, they may be mounted an rubber-tired wheels.
Single-engine self-propelled units are powered and
operated from excavator cab. The non-self-propelled
units mounted on the rear of tracks, which are referred
to as truck-mounted, have separate engines for
operating them.
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 POWER SHOVELS
 The basic parts of a power shovel include the mounting,
cab, boom, dipper stick and bucket or dipper and under
carriage unit.
 Power unit
 Under carriage unit
 Hoist and loading assembly: It is used for hoisting the
dipper and loading the material into predetermined
place.
 It essentially consists of rigid boom and dipper stick
which is strongly built to withstand impact loading
while excavation. To operate shovel in favorable
condition i.e. economically, it will be necessary to
reduce the depth of penetration of dipper face.
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 POWER SHOVELS
 The general operation of a hydraulically controlled
shovel differ from those of a cable-controlled shovel
primarily in that the operator forces are produced by
pistons instead of by cables.

Hence, it is clear that the applications of power

shovel are
1) To excavate the soils of all types except rocks
without prior loosening.
2) To collect and dump the material.
3) To load the excavated material into dump trucks,
conveyer belts etc.

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 SCRAPERS

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 SCRAPERS
 Scrapers are the result of a compromise between the
best loading and the best hauling machines.
 Scrapers are used to scrap the ground, load it
simultaneously, then transport it over a distance, dump at
the desired place and then spread or layered.
 The ability of these machines to deposit their loads in
uniformly thick layer will facilitate the succeeding
spreading operation
 On the return trips to borrow pits the cutting blades of
scrapers may be lowered enough to remove high spots,
thereby assisting in maintaining the haul roads.
 Thus, scrapers are designed to dig, load, haul, dump and
spread. Therefore sometimes it is called “Carryall.

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 SCRAPERS
 It essentially consists of a large scoop provided with
cutting edge. The scoop is in the form of bucket on
hollow container, which is known as bowl or body.
 The scoop can excavate, transport and dump the
material wherever required.
 The cutting edge of scoop does the excavate work and
the excavated material goes on collecting in howl from
the front gate.
 The material is transported to the site of dumping and is
taken out from the tailgate of the bowl. Then facilitate
the succeeding spreading operations to required and
uniform thick layer.

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 Types of Scrapers
Scrapers may be broadly classified into two
main categories
1) Crawler — tractor scraper
2) Wheel — tractor scraper.
a) Single — engine
b) Twin — engine
c) Two — bowl tandem
d) Elevating Scrapers.
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 DUMPERS

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 DUMPERS
 Dumper is also known as Dump truck. The motor vehicle
which is specially designed & constructed for carrying
the heavy loads under various operations conditions can
be called as Dumpers.
 These are meant for carrying rocks, coal, minerals,
aggregate and other materials in construction works.
 Dumper may be ON road Vehicle or OFF road vehicle.
 ON road Dumpers generally used in normal roads such
as in road construction, while OFF road means, vehicle is
used apart from good words, i.e. in terrains like in dam
construction mines etc.

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 DUMPERS
 The constructional features of Dumper is similar
to that heady duty truck, except a high strength
container or trolley is mounted at back side of
the Cabin and Hydraulic assisted load raising
and lowering facility is provided for dumping
material in the trolley.
 Some dumpers may have 2 hydraulic cylinders
and the size of rear wheel and number of rear
axles may vary with load carrying capacity and
mode of operations.
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 DUMPERS
 Suspension at front is of rigid elliptical type and at rear
heavy duty leaf springs are provided to absorb high
impact loading under severe operating conditions.
 Container for dumper is specially constructed to
withstand ill handlings. Heavy duty air cleaner, filter,
share proof mountings of all instruments, dust proof
electrical systems and cushion mountings for radiator
may present in some dump trucks.
 Dumpers play important vole in dam construction, road
making, mining etc. for carrying materials and dumping
at required place quickly and conveniently.

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 Any Questions?

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