KALYAN P.G.

COLLEGE
BHILAI NAGAR

2019-2020

SUBJECT: TOPOLOGY
TOPIC ON Continuous function in Topological space

Guided by: Presented by

Mr. Gajendra Kumar Taruna Sonwani
 CERTIFICATE

This is certify that the project report on “CONTINUOUS

FUNCTION TOPOLOGICAL SPACES” has been carried out by
TARUNA SONWANI a student of KALYAN P. G. COLLEGE,
Bhilai. She has submitted the report during the academic
session 2019-2020 towards partial fulfillment as per
requirement Durg University.
She has carried out the project under my guidance and this
is his original work.

(Signature)
Prof. Y. P PATEL
Head of Department Maths.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound sense of respect and heartfelt gratitude

to our teacher Mr. Gajendra Kumar, under whose able guidance and
support, I have completed my project work on the given topic. I am thankful
to his for providing me opportunity to work. It was his able guidance and
constant encouragement that has made this project work successful way.

I also express my Heart full thanks full to our respected Prof. Y. P. PATEL
for his cooperation and for providing facilities available in the KALYAN P. G.
COLLEGE, which helped me in presenting the project in a nice Form.

TARUNA SONWANI
PREFACE

 learning and teaching are never independent of each other. One interlinked
with the other doubtlessly. It is a bilateral effort. There is relationship between
teacher and student, and thoughts constitute active process of learning

 this concise and project presents comprehensive an updated account of the

topic. It has been an Endeavour to present the subject in sacrificing the script.
I strongly feel that anyone who reads the matter will find itself explanatory in
all regards to
CONTENTS

(1) Topological Space

(2) Neighborhood & Neighborhood system
(3) Continuous function in topological space
(4) Continuous function based theorem
Topology & Topological Space:
Let x be any non empty set and T be a collection of all open subset
of X then T is called Topology for X if is satisfies following properties

1) 𝜙, 𝑋 ∈ 𝑇
2) T is closed under finite intersection
Let 𝐺1 , 𝐺2 ∈ 𝑇 ⇒ 𝐺1 ∩ 𝐺2 ∈ 𝑇
3) T is closed under arbitrary union
𝑈𝐺1 ∈ 𝑇
Let 𝐺𝑖 ∈ 𝑇 ⇒
𝑖𝜖⋀
The pair (X,T) is called a topological space. The member of T are called T
open sets. The element of X will be called points of the space.
Neighbourhoods :-
Let (X,T) be a topological space and a subset NCX and 𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 then N is
called neighbourhoods of x if ∃ 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 𝐺 𝑠𝑢𝑐ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡
𝑥 ∈ 𝐺𝐶𝑁
Example:-
𝑋 = 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐
𝑇 = { 𝜙, 𝑎 , 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑋}
All set contains 𝑎 = { 𝑎 , 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑏, 𝑐 , 𝑋}
𝑎𝜖 𝑎 ⊂ {𝑎}

𝑎𝜖 {𝑎} ⊂ {𝑎, 𝑏, }
𝑎𝜖 {𝑎} ⊂ 𝑎, 𝑏, 𝑐 }
𝑁 𝑎 = { 𝑎 , 𝑎, 𝑏 , 𝑎, 𝑐 , 𝑋}
N(a) is called nbd system of a
Continuous function in Topological space:-

𝐿𝑒𝑡 (𝑋, 𝑇) and ( 𝑌, 𝜇) are two topological space than a function 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌

is continuous at point 𝑥𝜖𝑋 Iff a open set 𝜈𝜖𝜇 such that

𝑓 𝑈 ∁𝑉, 𝑈 ∈ 𝑇

Where U is nbd of x

and 𝑓 𝑈 be a nbd of f(x)

 [Theorem]

Statement:-

Let X and Y are two Topological space A

mapping f:XY is continuous If the Inverse image under f of
every open set in Y is open in X
Proof: -
Let X & Y are two Topological space and 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 be a mapping
Firstly :-
Suppose that F is continuous mapping then we have show that inverse under f of
every open set in Y is open in X

Let 𝐻 ⊂ 𝑌 be any open set in Y

And 𝐻 ∈ 𝜇, 𝜇 is topology of Y
∵ 𝑓 is continuous at point 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺
then there exist 𝐺 ∈ 𝑇 such that
𝑓 𝐺 ⊂𝐻
𝑥 ∈ 𝐺, 𝐺 ⊂ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻)
⇒ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐺 ⊂ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻)
There fore 𝑓 −1 𝐻 𝑁𝑏𝑑 𝑜𝑓𝑥
∵ 𝑥 𝑖𝑠 Arbitrary point
So 𝑓 −1 𝐺 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑏𝑑 of each point
Hence 𝑓 −1 𝐺 be an open set
Conversely:-

Suppose that inverse image under f of every open set in Y is open

Then we have to show that:- 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 is continuous
Let 𝐻 ⊂ 𝑌 be any open set in Y
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻) is also open set in X
∴ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻) is nbd of its point
⇒ 𝑥𝜖𝐺 ⊂ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻)
⇒ 𝑥𝜖𝐺 , 𝐺 ⊂ 𝑓 −1 (𝐻)
⇒ 𝑥𝜖𝐺 , 𝑓 𝐺 ⊂ 𝐻
Then ∃ 𝐺 ∈ 𝑇 such that 𝑓(𝐺) ⊂ 𝐻
There fore 𝑓: 𝑋 → 𝑌 is a continuous mapping
THANK
YOU