Philippine rehabilitation and reforms

Manuel roxas
Manuel Roxas defeats Sergio Osmena
The Bell Trade Act of 1946 was signed
Roxas campaigns to have the constitution
amended to grant parity rights to the
Americans
The Hukbong Mapaglaya ng Bayan
(HMB) is organized in the municipality of
Calamba, Pampanga
The Philippine Congress votes to accept
the Bell Trade Act
 Manuel roxas
Philippine Independence is proclaimed. It
is now a republic, enter into a Treaty of
General Rations with the U.S.
Juan Felco, peasant leader, is later
kidnapped and later killed while in the
company of military police. Roxas adopts
a mailed-first policy against the Huks.
The Philippine Congress passed the parity
amendment.
 Manuel roxas
The Rehabilitation Finance Corporation
(RFC), begins its operations with an
authorized capital of 300 million pesos
Filipinos ratify in a plebiscite the parity
rights amendment in the 1935
Constitution
Military Bases Agreement is signed
between the US and the PH
Military Assistance Pact is signed by
American Ambassador Paul McNutt and
President Roxas
 Manuel roxas
First postwar elections under the newly-
independent republic are held
President Roxas issues a general pardon
for all those accused of collaborating with
the Japanese, and those with cases
pending before the People’s Court
The Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan and
the Pambansang Kaisahan ng mga
Mambubukid (PKM) are declared illegal
organizations by President Roxas.
 Manuel roxas

President Roxas dies of a heart attack after

delivering a speech at Clark Air base in
Pampanga
 Elpidio quirino
Vice President Elpidio Quirino takes his
oath of office as president of the republic
President Quirino issues an amnesty
proclamation. Huk Supremo Luis Taruc
and some companions surrender and
present themselves to President Quirino
Huk leaders led by Luis Taruc go
underground to resume their resistance
against the Quirino government after
truce negotiations fail to produce lasting
results
 Elpidio quirino
The first official census under the republic
is taken.
The Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP)
renews its emphasis on armed struggle
after the failure of truce negotiations with
the Quirino Administration
The Quirino administrations imposes
import control. The import control law is
to take effect on January, 01, 1949
 Elpidio quirino
The Central Bank of the Philippines is
established and inaugurated. The
proposal for its founding was sponsored
by Secretary of Finance Miguel Cuaderno
Aurora Aragon-Quezon, widow of the late
president, is killed in an ambush while on
her way to Baler, Tayahas. Her eldest
daughter, Maria Aurora, Quezon City
mayor Ponciano Bernardo, and some
military officials who were part of the
convoy.
 Elpidio quirino
President Elpidio Quirino is reelected
president
A rebellion erupts in Batangas.
Constabulary operations against the
rebels last for a month
US President Harry Truman announces
that he is sending an economic survey
mission to the Philippines to be headed by
Daniel W. Bell, president of the American
 Elpidio quirino
Lieutenant Lansdale and Magsaysay
collaborate extensive in mapping out a
strategy against the Huks.
President Quirino appoints Ramon
Magsaysay as secretary of national
defense.
The United States Economic Survey
Mission or Bell Mission issues its report
 Elpidio quirino
23 high-ranking members of the PKP and
the Huk Politburo are captured.
Documents dealing Communist Party
plans are confiscated, and 105 suspects are
arrested.
President Quirino suspends the privilege
of the writ of habeas corpus to justify the
continued detention of suspected
communists.
 Elpidio quirino
Six of the suspected members of the PKP
are meted death sentences; nine are given
life sentences, while others are given
prison terms.
Large-scale offensives are launched
aginsts the Huks by the Armed Forces in
Laguna and Pampanga
The National Movement for Free Elections
is organized
The US-Philippines Mutual Defense
Treaty is signed.
 Elpidio quirino

Operation Four Roses is launched by the

Armed Forces in Nueva Ecija.
Robert S. Handie, a land-tenure specialist
commissioned by the Mutual Security
Agency to undertake a study of the
Philippine tenancy problem , releases his
report.
 Ramon magsaysay
Ramon Magsaysay publicly joins the
Nacionalista Party (NP) leaving the
Liberal Party (LP) headed by President
Quirino.
The Nacionalista Party endorses Ramon
Magsaysay as its Presidential Candidate.
The Magna Carta for Labor or Republic
Act no. 875 is signed into law.
Magsaysay won as the president and
Garcia as for vice president.
 Ramon magsaysay
Ramon Magsaysay is formally inaugurated
as the third president of the Philippine
Republic.
The Social Security Act is passed by
congress.
A 17-year old congressman from Ilocos
Norte, Ferdinand Marcos married a 23-
year old beauty queen Imelda Romualdez.
The president, stands as the sponsor.
Huk supremo, Luis Taruc, surrendered to
President Magsaysay.
 Ramon magsaysay
The Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954 is
passed.
The South East Asian Treaty Organization
(SEATO) was established in Manila.
Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr. marries
Corazon Cojuangco. The president stands
as the sponsor.
An agreement between the Philippines
and US is signed by Senator Jose P. Laurel
and Secretary James P. Langley.
 Ramon magsaysay
An Asian-African conference, the first of
its hand, held in Bandung, Indonesia.
The agreement signed on December 15,
1954, which came to be known as Laurel-
Langley Agreement is ratified by the US
and Philippine government, to take effect
on January 1, 1956.
The Rizal Bill is passed into law.
President Magsaysay, 49, died in a plane
crash on the mountains in Cebu. Vice
President Garcia assumes the presidency.
 Ramon magsaysay

Republic Act No. 1700, the anti-subversion

law is passed.
The US congress ratifies Republic Act 81-
85.
 Carlos p. garcia
President Garcia wins a four-year term as a
president.
The National Economic Council (NEC)
passes Resolution No. 204 officialy
promulgating as the "Filipino First" policy.
The Rizal Bill is passed into law.
President Magsaysay, 49, died in a plane
crash on the mountains in Cebu. Vice
President Garcia assumes the presidency.
 Carlos p. garcia
An Asian-African conference, the first of
its hand, held in Bandung, Indonesia.
The agreement signed on December 15,
1954, which came to be known as Laurel-
Langley Agreement is ratified by the US
and Philippine government, to take effect
on January 1, 1956.
The Rizal Bill is passed into law.
President Magsaysay, 49, died in a plane
crash on the mountains in Cebu. Vice
President Garcia assumes the presidency.
 Diosdado macapagal
Former vice president Diosdado
Macapagal defeats Carlos P. Garcia to
become the fifth president of the postwar
republic. Emmanuel Pelaez becomes his
vice president.
Upon the request of the Macapagal-
appointed governor of the Central Bank,
Andres Castillo, Philippine Constabulary
Rangers lay siege to the Central Bank
building to oust Dominador Aytona
 Diosdado macapagal
President Macapagal lifts exchange and
import control, in a major step to be
known as "decontrol.”
Secretary of Justice Jose W. Diokno orders
a raid on the offices of multimillionaire
Harry S. Stonehill. A "Blue Book" is found
containing the names of persons in and
outside the government who received
sums of money from Stonehill.
 Diosdado macapagal
Through Proclamation No.28, President
Macapagal officially changes the
celebration of Independence from July 4
to June 12, to recognize the declaration of
independence by General Emilio
Aguinaldo in Kawit, Cavite on June 12,
1898.
The nation celebrates Independence Day
on June 12 for the first time in its history.
 Diosdado macapagal

The Philippine government officially

stakes its claim to Sabah or North Borneo
in a communication of the Department of
Foreign Affairs to the United Kingdom.
President Macapagal issued an executive
order implementing Republic Act No.2717
known as the Electrification
Administration Act
 Diosdado macapagal
Twenty-four delegates from the Boy
Scouts of the Philippines who attended
the 11th World Jamboree in Marathon,
Greece, die when their plane crashes over
the Arabian Sea.
Manila Accord was signed. The three
nations share common principles to guide
their countries, to be known as
MAPHILINDO(Malaysia, The Philippines,
and Indonesia).
 Diosdado macapagal
President Macapagal enacts into law the
Agricultural Land Reform Code ( Act No.
3844).
General Emilio Aguinaldo dies at the age
of 94. By executive order of President
Macapagal, Camp Murphy in Quezon City
is renamed, Camp Aguinaldo.
Senate President Ferdinand Marcos
resigns from Liberal Party and takes his
oath as a Nasionalista
 Diosdado macapagal
One of the last leaders of the Huk
rebellion is captured.
With the passage of Republic Act No.
4166, the Philippine Congress ratifies the
executive order issued by President
Macapagal, changing the nation's
Independence Day celebration from July 4
to June 12.
Former Senate President Ferdinand
Marcos wins the presidential nomination
at the Nacionalista Party convention
 Diosdado macapagal

The Presidential campaign begins, to last

most of the year
Taal Volcano in Batangas eruots, killing
around 2000 persons and destroying
surrounding sites.
 Ferdinand marcos
Ferdinand Marcos defeats Diosdado
Macapagal to become the sixth president
of the postwar republic.
The 48-year-old Marcos is inaugurated as
president in ceremonies at the Luneta
Grandstand.
The Asian Development Bank (ADB) sets
up its new headquarters in Manila.
 Ferdinand marcos
A Philippine-American Assembly is held
in Davao under the joint sponsorship of
the American Assembly and the
Philippine-American society.
President Marcos signs the Vietnam Aid
Law
The mayor of Candaba, Pampanga, who
was also the president of the Anti-Huk
Mayor League in Pampanga, is ambushed
while on his way to a conference with
President Marcos.
 Ferdinand marcos
The Philippine Congress approves the P35
million appropriation for the Philippine
Civic Action Group ( Philcag) to be sent to
Vietnam.
The first cintingent of 2000- man
engineering batallion of the Philcag
boards Philippine Navy vessels in route to
Tay Ninh, South Vietnam. President
Ferdinan Marcos and first Lady Imelda
Marcos leave on an official state visit to
the united states
 Ferdinand marcos
President Marcos meets with U.S.
President Lyndon B. Johnson in
Washington, D.C.
Ramos-rusk agreement was signed
The Marcos administration hosts the
Manila Summit
Nationalists formed Movement for the
Advancement of Nationalism (MAN)
 Ferdinand marcos
Members of the Lapiang Malaya, are
massacred by units of Pasay City police
while on their way to march to
Malacañang Palace to seek an audience
with President Marcos.
The Philippine becomes one of the
founding members of the Association of
South East Asian Nations (ASEAN)
Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino,Jr., governor of
Tarlac, tops the senatorial race
 Ferdinand marcos
Controversy surrounds Operation
Jabidah. Before the operation is called off,
28 trainees are allegedly killed. This has
been referred to as the Jabidah Massacre.
A bill introduced by Senator Arturo
Tolentino defining Philippine territorial
waters in complaince with a United
Nations bill was amended
President Marcos pardons 166 prisoners,
including former Huk SupremobLuis
Taruc
 Ferdinand marcos
General Carlos P. Romulo resigns from the
presidency of the University of the
Philippines to replace Narciso Ramos as
secretary of foreign affairs.
Jose Maria Sison and 11 colleagues form
the Communist Party of the Philippines
Jose Maria Sison's band of revolutionaries
merges with the Huk peasant army of
Bernabe Buscayno, alias Kumander Dante,
to form the New People's Army (CPP-
NPA)
 Ferdinand marcos
U.S. President Richard Nixon visits the
Philippines and emphasizes that Asia
should be responsible for its own security.
The Cultural Center of the Philippines
along Manila Bay is formally inaugurated.
Campaigning on the slogans," Marcos
means more rice; Marcos means more
roads," Lresident Marcos wins reelection
to the presidency, the first to be granted a
full second term.
 Essential question
How was the Philippines governed after the war? What did we do wrong?
right?
Essential question
P E S T L E A N A LY S I S
 MANUEL ROXAS ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
 ELPIDIO QUIRINO ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
 RAMON MAGSAYSAY ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
 CARLOS P. GARCIA ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
 DIOSDADO MACAPAGAL ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
 FERDINAND MARCOS ADMINISTRATION
POLITICAL

ECONOMIC

SOCIAL

TECHNOLOGY

LEGAL

ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCLUSION
Essential question