Communication media

Untung Sujianto
 What is communication?
• Communication is about sending and
receiving information or the transmission of
information and meaning from one party to
another through using shared symbols.
Communication process model

Sender Message Channel Medium Receiver

Feedback
 One-way and two-way
communication
• Information flows only in one
One-way communication direction –from the sender to the
receiver with no feedback
• A much common way of
communication because it is faster
and easier for the sender and there
is no trouble from disagreement.
• There may be mistakes in
transmission of information.
 One-way and two-way
communication
• A process in which
information flows in two-
One-way communication directions –the receiver
provides feedback and the
sender receptive to the
feedback.
Two-way communication • It is more accurate and
fewer mistakes in
transmission.
• But it is time-consuming
and more difficult for the
sender.
 Channels of communication
• Vertical communication channels
• Lateral communication:
 Channels of communication
• Information passes downwards or
upwards in the organization.
• Downward communication means that
the manager tells employees about a
Vertical communication decision that has been already made. It
allows decisions to carried out quickly.
• Upward communication refers to
employees’ giving feedback to the
manager about the decision. It helps
managers to understand employees’
ideas on the decision.
 Channels of communication
• People in the same
level within an
Vertical communication organization pass
information to each
other.
Lateral communication • It can strengthen the
understanding and
coordination between
people in different
departments.
 Channels of communication
Figure 22-2 Vertical and lateral communication

Board of directors

Financial Marketing
dept. dept.

Employees Employees
 Communication media
• Written communication media
• Oral communication media
• Electronic communication media
 Communication media
• Communication through:
Letters,Memos, Reports,
Forms , Notice boards and
Written communication Internal magazines or
newspapers
• Messages can be revised
several times.
• The sender can not receive
immediate feedback.
 Question for critical thinking
• There are various types of written
communication: letters, memos,
reports, forms, notice boards,
internal magazines and newspapers.
Could you briefly explain what each
of them may be used for?
 Communication media
• Face-to-face discussions,
telephone conservations,
Written communication formal presentations and
speeches
• Advantages: Questions can
be asked and answered
Oral communication directly; feedback is
immediate; and the sender’s
attitude can be sensed.
• Disadvantages: few
permanent records
 Communication media
• Communication through
Written communication
electronic media such as
mobile phone, paging
devises, lap top computers,
E-mail, fax machines, and
Oral communication electronic notice boards
• Messages can be delivered
instantly, over long
Electronic communication distances, and to a large
number of people.
• But not all people have can
access to the media.
© PhotoDisc
 Question for critical thinking

• Good communication is important

to a business. There are different
channels of communication, and
various communication media for
us to choose. Can you explain how
you can achieve good
communication in the nursing?