Energy and the Environment:

A Global perspective
Reza Toossi, CSULB

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 Issues
 Big questions
 How much longer petroleum
will last?
 What are geopolitical
concerns?
 What are economical effects?
 What are the environmental
impacts?

 Where are we going

from here?

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Concerns
 Useful energy is being more scarce.
 Population increases at an exponential rate.
 Industrializations demands more and more
energy.
 Environmental problems becomes more severe
with increases in energy consumption.
 Limited resources can impact social, cultural,
and economical aspects of our lives.
 Global impacts could even be more serious.

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 The Problem
 Over consumption
 Over consumption
 Over consumption
 Over consumption
 Over consumption
 Over consumption

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Energy

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Why Petroleum?
 Oil delivers more than 15 times the energy of an
equal mass of dynamite, 700 times that of a bullet,
and 100 times energy of laptop batteries
 One gallon of oil does as much work as 20 workers
work 10 hours a day for an entire year
 It is the main ingredient for a variety of consumers
products, including pharmaceutical, cosmetics,
clothing, pesticides, lubricant, solvents, and ….
 It is CHEAP!!!!
 Petroleum Balance Sheet (2005)
Who has it? Who uses it?
Saudi Arabia 26% U.S. 25%
Iraq 10% Japan 8%
Kuwait 10% China 5%
Abu Dhabi 9% Russia 4%
Iran 9% Germany 4%
Venezuela 6% S. Korea 3%
Russia 5% Italy 3%
Mexico 5% France 3%
U.S. 3% England 3%
All Others 17% All Others 42%
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 Petroleum Balance Sheet (2007)
Who has it? Who uses it?
Saudi Arabia 26% U.S. 25%
Iran 12% China 8.7%
Iran 10% Japan 6%
Kuwait 9% Russia 4%
UAE 9% Germany 3%
Venezuela 7% India 3%
Russia 5% Canada 3%
Libya 3% Brazil 3%
Nigeria 3% S. Korea 3%
All Others 17% All Others 42%
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The Middle East

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Politics of Oil

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Why to be involved?

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US Reserves

1. Texas
2. Alaska
3. California
4. Louisiana
5. New Mexico
US Oil Production

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World Oil Production

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Sources
 Nonrenewable
 Fossil Fuel (Coal, Oil, Gas)
 Nuclear (Fission, Fusion)
 Geothermal
 Renewable
 Solar (Thermal, Photovoltaic)
 Wind
 Waves, Tides, Hydroelectric
 Biomass

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Politics of Energy
 Globalization
 Monopolies and Cartels
 Nuclear issues
 Control of resources
 Gulf War I (Desert Shield)
 WI, WWII
 Gulf War II (Operation Iraqi Freedom)
or
Operation Iraqi Liberation

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Environment

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Population

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Growth Rate and Doubling Time
Population growth rate and doubling time in 2001*

Doubling time in
Region Population in 2001 Growth % Projected Population in 2050
years

World
1.3 54 9.0 billion
6.14 billion

Africa
2.4 29 1.8 billion
818 million

Asia
1.4 50 5.2 billion
3.72 billion

North America
0.5 140 452 million
316 million

Latin America
1.7 41 814 million
525 million

Europe
-0.1 - 662 million
727 million

Oceania 1.1 64 46 million

31 million

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The Greenhouse Effect

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And if all that is not enough…

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Ignoring it
doesn’t make
the problem
go away

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Environmental Consequences (Fossil Fuels)
 Global warming
 Ozone depletion
 Acid rain
 Poisons

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Major Air Pollutants

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Environmental Consequences (Nuclear)

 Nuclear Waste (NIMBY)

 Nuclear Accidents
 Nuclear War
 Terrorism

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Environmental Consequences (Renewable)

 Solar
 Wind
 Wave, Hydropower
 Biomass
 Geothermal

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1995 UN Report
 International Panel on Climate Change
consisted of 2000 scientists reported:
“Unless there is a reduction in
greenhouse emission, the Earth’s
average temperature will increase by
2-6.5o F and the sea level will rise by 6
to 38 inches by the year 2100”

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 Ozone Depletion
 One chlorine or bromine
molecule can destroy
100,000 ozone molecules,
causing ozone to disappear
much faster than nature can
replace it.

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Acid Rain
 Only a few marine species
can survive when pH is
smaller than 5.
 Health effects include
respiratory complications,
reduced immunity to
infection, reduced visibility,
and corrosion.
 Regional conflicts (US,
Canada, Europe)

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Indoor Air Pollution
 Average person stays 90% of his time indoors
 Energy conservancy projects have exacerbated this

problem
 Common sources of indoor air pollution are:

 Cigarette and tobacco smoke

 Paints, lead and other construction material

 Stoves, refrigerators and other appliances

 cleaners and chemicals

 Pesticides

 Soil

 Drinking Water

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Future Transportations

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Hybrid, Electric, and Fuel Cells

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Sun and Wind

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Sustainability
 Pessimists and Optimists
 Externalities
 Tax Laws
 Technology
 Renewable sources of energy
 Material

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Summary
 Energy will remain the most critical
issue affecting the globe in the 21st
century.
 Energy Efficiency
 Alternative Resources
 Jobs
 Environmental Impacts

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We are having fun…

 Study Abroad

 Film Series

You can too…

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In the mean time, keep your head clear

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 ENGR 302I: Energy and the Environment

 ENGR 302I is a hybrid course with 50% seat-time

 ENGR302I satisfies GE’s D2, B3, Global, and Capstone
requirements
 For more information, contact
Reza Toossi, MAE Professor
Tel: (562) 985-5641
Email: rtoossi@csulb.edu or csulb.engr302i@gmail.com

Hopefully, I will see you this summer in my class.

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