QUANTUM INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY
BY
VIGNESHWAR B
BSC PHY 2ND YEAR
SCSVMV UNIVERSITY
 CONTENTS
• INFORMATION ENTROPY THEORY
• QUANTUM BARRIER IN COMPUTING
• QUBITS
• ENTANGLEMENT
• QUANTUM LOGIC GATES
• DECOHERENCE
• QUANTUM PHOTONICS
• BENEFITS
• RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
WHAT IS INFORMATION?

CLASSICAL DEFINITION IS
PROCESSED DATA WHICH
PROVIDES ANSWERS TO
SPECIFIC QUESTIONS AND
RESOLVES UNCERTAINITY
INFORMATION ENTROPY THEORY
INFORMATION =CHANGE IN ENTROPY
ENTERING QUANTUM REALM
TUNNELING IN TRANSISTORS

WHEN A CLASSICAL LOGIC GATE OPERATES

WITH PARTS OF MICROPHYSICAL DIMENSIONS ,
TRANSISTORS WHICH ARE BASICALLY A SWITCH
STOPS WORKING. THIS IS DUE TO QUANTUM
TUNNELLING WHICH ALLOWS A PROBABILITY OF
FINDING THE ELECTRON ON BOTH SIDES OF
TRANSISTOR EVEN WHEN THE TRANSISTOR AS A
SWITCH IS CLOSED
 QUBITS

• QUBIT IS A ELEMENTARY QUANTUM OBJECT

TO STORE INFORMATION.
• IT IS A VECTOR IN TWO DIMENSIONAL
COMPLEX VECTOR SPACE.
• MAGNETIC SPIN ORIENTATION OF ELECTRON
AND POLARIZATION OF PHOTON ARE SOME
EXAMPLES OF QUBIT
 CLASSICAL BIT
• A CLASSICAL BIT CAN BE IN ANY OF
THE STATES ‘0’ OR ‘1’.
• WE CAN MEASURE THE VALUE OF A
CLASSICAL BIT WITH CERTAINTY
WITHOUT AFFECTING THE STATE.
QUANTUM BIT
• QUBIT IS GENERALLY EXISTS IN
STATE|0> OR IN STATE |1> .
• QUBITS CAN ALSO EXIST IN
SUPERPOSITION OF THE ABOVE
MENTIONED STATES.
• SUPERPOSITION OF THE STATES IS JUST
THE LINEAR COMBINATION OF THE
TWO STATES
 ENTANGLEMENT OF STATES

• QUANTUM STATES OF TWO OBJECTS IN ENTANGLEMENT CAN ONLY BE

REPRESENTED WITH REFERENCE TO BOTH THE OBJECTS EVEN WHEN THEY ARE
SPACIALLY SEPARATED.
• ANY CHANGE IN ONE OF THE STATES INSTANTANIOUSLY INFLUENCE THE
OTHER STATE.
• “SPOOKY ACTION AT A DISTANCE”- ALBERT EINSTEIN
QUANTUM LOGIC GATES

• QUANTUM GATES ARE THE BASIC UNIT

FROM WHICH QUANTUM CIRCUITS
ARE BUILT
• QUANTUM GATES ARE REVERSIBLE
• IT HAS THE SAME MATHEMATICAL
SIGNIFICANCE AS A QUANTUM
OPERATOR[GATE] OPERATING ON A
STATE[QUBIT] OF A PHYSICAL SYSTEM
DECOHERENCE-A BARRIER

• WHEN THE
ENVIRONMENT INTERACTS
WITH THE STATE WHILE
PROCESSING IT CHANGES
THE STATE OF THE SYSTEM
• AS A CONSEQUENCE
ERROR IS PRODUCED
 QUANTUM PHOTONICS

• USE OF PHOTONS TO ACHIEVE

QUANTUM COMPUTING
• USES INTEGRATED PHOTONIC
CIRCUITS TO IMPLEMENT FASTER
CIRCUITS MORE SECURELY
 WHY PHOTONS?

• WEAK INTERACTION WITH

ENVIRONMENT
• HIGH SPEED[c] AND LOW
TRANSMISSION LOSS
• QUBIT CONTROL THROUGH
WAVE PLATES, BEAM SPLITTERS,
MIRROR, etc.
• FEASIBLE HARDWARE
REQUIREMENTS
• ESTABLISHED ENGINEERING
TECHNIQUES
 BENEFITS OF QUANTUM PHOTONICS

CLOUD COMPUTING GATE SUPERPOSITION RESOURCE EFFICIENT

SECURE QUANTUM ACCESS TO MULTIPLE SIMULATION OF COMPLEX

COMPUTERS CIRCUITS INSTANTANEOUSLY THEORITAL AND
MATHEMATICAL MODELS

SILICON PHOTONICS
CONSTRUCTION OF
INTEGRATED QUANTUM
CIRCUITS TO EXPLOIT MOBILITY
OF PHOTONS
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
MULTI PHOTON
DETECTORS SOURCE
SUPERCONDUCTING NANO EFFICIENT GENERATION OF
DETECTORS HAS FAST ENTANGLED PHOTON STATES
RECOVERY [30 OVER A WIDE AREA
NANOSECONDS] AND HIGH
EFFICIENCY
THANK YOU!!
REFERENCES
• APPROACHING QUANTUM COMPUTING BY DAN AND GABRIELA MARINESCU
• QUANTUM COMPUTING AND ENTANGLEMENT BY JOHN PRESKIL
• PHOTONIC QUANTUM COMPUTING BY PHILIP WALTHER
• https://www2.physics.ox.ac.uk/research/ultrafast-quantum-optics-and-optical-
metrology/quantum-photonics
• https://towardsdatascience.com/demystifying-quantum-gates-one-qubit-at-a-time-
54404ed80640