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grade8science
Module 2

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What is a
typhoon?

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 Tropical Cyclones
Maximum Wind Speed Category
kilometers per hour
(kph)

64 Tropical Depression

118 Tropical Storm

200 Typhoon

greater than 200 Supertyphoon

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 Tropical Cyclones
Maximum Wind Speed Category
kilometers per hour
(kph)

64 Tropical Depression

118 Tropical Storm

200 Typhoon

greater than 200 Supertyphoon

grade8science
 Tropical Cyclones
Maximum Wind Speed Category
kilometers per hour
(kph)

64 Tropical Depression

118 Tropical Storm

200 Typhoon

greater than 200 Supertyphoon

grade8science
 Tropical Cyclones
Maximum Wind Speed Category
kilometers per hour
(kph)

64 Tropical Depression

118 Tropical Storm

200 Typhoon

greater than 200 Supertyphoon

grade8science
 Tropical Cyclones
Maximum Wind Speed Category
kilometers per hour
(kph)

64 Tropical Depression

118 Tropical Storm

200 Typhoon

greater than 200 Supertyphoon

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 Demo

One bottle filled Water swirls around as it spills

with water into the other bottle.
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Where
is the
PAR?

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Activity 1
Plotting the PAR
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should
be able to:
1. read map,
2. given the latitude and longitude of a
tropical cyclone, tell if it has entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility, and
3. explain what is meant when a typhoon
has entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility.
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Activity 1
Plotting the PAR
Materials Needed:
 map of the Philippines and vicinity
 Pencil
Procedure:
 1. Plot the following points on the map
below (Figure 2).

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 Philippine Area of
Responsibility
Points Latitude Longitude
a 5°N 115°E
b 15°N 115°E
c 21°N 120°E
d 25°N 120°E
e 25°N 135°E
f 5°N
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135°E
 2. Connect the plotted points. The
region within is the Philippine Area of
Responsibility or PAR. It is the job of
PAGASA to monitor all tropical cyclones
that enter this area.

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 If a typhoon is
located at 15°N,
138°E is it within
the PAR?
How about if the
typhoon is at
19°N, 117°E, is it
inside the PAR?

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 Under what
conditions do tropical
cyclones form?

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 Where did the tropical cyclones
form? On land or in the ocean?
Answer: ocean
 What can you say about the
temperature of the bodies of
water in the vicinity of the
Philippines? Is the water warm or
cold?
Answer: warm
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 In what direction did the tropical cyclones
move?
answer: northwest direction, but not all
tropical cyclones move this way.
 Which part of the Philippines was hit by
the four tropical cyclones?
answer: All the four tropical cyclones hit
northern Philippines or the island of Luzon.
Note where the tropical cyclones start: at the
latitude of the Visayas and Mindanao. So
when a tropical cyclone moves to the
northwest, it ends up in Luzon.
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 In the case of Agaton, Yoyong, and
Huaning, where did they die out? Near
land or in the middle of the ocean?
Tropical cyclones weaken when they hit
land. They die out over land because they
need warm water to sustain them. They
need water vapor to keep them going.
Even when the tropical cyclone is still in a
body of water, it may weaken and die out
if the water is cold.

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Question:
 Where did the tropical cyclones
form? On land or in the ocean?
Answer: tropical cyclones usually
form where there is warm water.
The temperature should be
26.5°C

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Question:
 What can you say about the
temperature of the bodies of water in
the vicinity of the Philippines? Is the
water warm or cold?
Answer: Our country is located near
the equator. Thus, it is warm in he
vicinity of the Philippines, both on
land and in the surrounding bodies
of water.

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Question:
 Inwhat direction did the tropical
cyclones move?
Answer: From the map, the tropical
cyclones move in a northwest
direction. Not all tropical cyclones
move this way. But this is the general
rule for those that start from the
Pacific Ocean.

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Key Ideas
 1.Tropical depression, tropical storm
typhoon and supertyphoon are
categories of tropical cyclones.
 2. A tropical cyclone is a rapidly-rotating
storm system characterized by a low-
pressure center, strong winds, and a
spiral arrangement of thunderstorms
that produce heavy rain.

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Key Ideas
 3. The term typhoon is used only in the
northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean
and in the northern part of the Atlantic
Ocean, the equivalent term is hurricane.
 4. When a weather disturbance enters
the Philippine Area of Responsibility
(PAR), the weather bureau begin to
monitor it.

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 Key ideas
 1. Tropical cyclones usually from where there
is warm water. The temperature should be
26.5 °C or more.
 2. The warm water supplies the water vapor
that the tropical cyclones need to keep it
going.
 3. For tropical cyclones that starts from the
Pacific Ocean, the general rule is they move
in a Northwest direction. But not all tropical
cyclones move this way.

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Key ideas
 4. Many tropical cyclones in the PAR
curves to the Northwest and go
toward Taiwan and Japan due to the
following
reasons:
-there could be low-pressured area in
that region.
- there could be a high pressure area
in the path of the tropical cyclone
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Quiz # 10
 1-4 What are the four (4) categories of
tropical cyclone?
 5. What is the meaning of PAR?
 6. The term _______ is used only in
the northwestern part of the Pacific
Ocean
 7. and in the northern part of the
Atlantic Ocean, the equivalent term is
__________ .
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 8. Tropical cyclones usually from where there is
warm water. The temperature should be ____°C
or more.
 9. For tropical cyclones that starts from the
________, the general rule is they move in a
 10. __________. But not all tropical cyclones
move this way.
 11. tropical cyclones usually form where there is
______ water.
 12-15. Enumerate the four (4) winds speed of
the 4 tropical cyclones categories.

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Assignment
 1. Bring a copy of the maps from page
141, pencil and ruler.

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Tracking a Tropical
Cyclone

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Activity 2
Tracking a tropical cyclone
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should
be able to:
 1. determine if your location is in the
path of a tropical cyclone, given the
latitude and longitude position and
 2. explain why PAGASA regularly
monitors when a tropical cyclone is
within PAR.

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Materials Needed:
 map with the PAR (from Activity 1)
 tracking data
 Pencil
Procedure:
 1. Use the latitude and longitude (lat-
long) in the table below to track the
location of Sendong. Plot each lat-long
pair on the map with the PAR.
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Tropical Storm Sendong, 2011

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Key Ideas: Low Pressure Area (LPA)
 1. Alltropical cyclones form in the
Pacific Oceana low pressure area
(LPA).
 2. Names are not given to Low
Pressure Area and tropical
depressions. In other parts of the
world, tropical depressions may be
given a designation such as 27w,for
instance. On the other hand, PAG-ASA
gives names to them.
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Quiz

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Assignment
 What are the things should be done
before during and after typhoon?

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 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
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Activity 3
Dissecting a tropical cyclone
Objectives:
 After performing this activity, you should
be able to:
 1. explain what two weather factors tell
weathermen that a certain location is at
the eye of a tropical cyclone; and
 2. put in simple words the statement
“calm before the storm.”

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Materials Needed:
 weather data (air pressure and wind speed)
Procedure:
 1. Figure 1 consists of two illustrations. The
top one shows a tropical cyclone as seen at
an angle. White rain bands move around
the center or “eye”. The bottom illustration
shows a cross-section of a tropical cyclone.
It is like slicing it in half and looking at it
from the side.

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Figure 4. (Top) View of a tropical
cyclone at an angle. (Bottom) Cross-
section of a typhoon.

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 Location A is within the eye of the
tropical cyclone. B, C and D are
locations that are more and more distant
from the eye. The air pressure at the
different locations are:

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 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
grade8science
 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
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 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
grade8science
 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
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Q7. Compare the air pressures at A, B, C and
D. What do you notice?
 Answer: The air pressure at A (within the eye
of the typhoon) is less than the air pressures
at locations away from the eye.

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 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
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 Dissecting a Tropical
Cyclone
Location A B C D
Air
pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars
(mb)
Location E F
Wind speed
10 200
(km/hour)
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 Location A B C D

Air pressure* in millibars (mb) 930 960 980 990

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 Location A B C D

Air pressure* in millibars (mb) 930 960 980 990

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 Location A B C D

Air pressure* in millibars (mb) 930 960 980 990

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 Location A B C D

Air pressure* in millibars (mb) 930 960 980 990

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 Location A B C D

Air pressure* in millibars (mb) 930 960 980 990

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Q8. Compare the wind speed within the
eye and at the eyewall. What can you say?
 Answer: The wind speed at the eyewall
is much greater than the wind speed at
the eye.

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 Location E F
Wind speed (km/hour) 10 200
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 Location E F
Wind speed (km/hour) 10 200
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 Location E F
Wind speed (km/hour) 10 200
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Key ideas
 1. The lowest air pressure is at the eye of a
tropical cyclone. This is the reason why the
air in the surroundings move toward the eye.
 2. At the eye of the tropical cyclone, wind
speed is low. But in the dense clouds
surrounding the eye, at the eyewall itself, the
wind speed is great.
 3. When the eye of the tropical cyclone
passes over a certain place, it is the winds at
the eyewall that wreak a lot of damage.

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 Quiz
 1-2. At the eye of the tropical
cyclone, wind speed is _____ . But
in the dense clouds surrounding the
eye, at the eyewall itself, the wind
speed is _____ .
 3. The lowest air pressure is at the
_____ of a tropical cyclone.
 4-5.The wind speed at the ____ is
much greater than the wind speed at
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 6. The air pressure at A (within the
eye of the typhoon) is _____ than
the air pressures at locations
away from the eye.
 7-9. Give the meaning of the
following 7. LPA 8. mb 9. km/hr
 10. Put in simple words the
statement “calm before the storm.”

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 Are You Prepared?

http://gawker.com/5834445/how-to-prepare-for-a-
hurricane

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PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
A tropical cyclone Winds of 30-60 kph
will affect the may be expected in
locality at least 36 hours or

PSWS #1

irregular rains may

be expected within
36 hours
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What will happen?
What to do?

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PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
A tropical cyclone
will affect the
locality

PSWS #2
Winds of
greater than 60 kph
up to 100 kph may
be expected in at
least 24 hours
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What will happen?
What to do?

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PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
A tropical cyclone
will affect the
locality

PSWS #3
Winds of
greater than 100
kph to 185 kph may
be expected in at
least 18 hours
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What will happen?
What to do?

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 PUBLIC STORM WARNING SIGNALS
The locality is very
likely to be hit
directly by the eye
of the typhoon

PSWS #4
Very strong
winds of more than
185 kph may be
expected in at least
12 hours
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What will happen?
What to do?

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EMERGENCY KIT

bottled water

ready to eat food

flashlight
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EMERGENCY KIT
battery-operated
radio

Extra batteries

clothes and towels

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EMERGENCY KIT

medicines

toiletries

Cell phone
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Key Ideas
 1. Tropical cyclone by themselves
are already dangerous. But that
also cause other hazards.
 2. There are four levels of Public
Storm Warning Signal (PSWS).
 3. Each signal refers to a certain
wind speed that will affect the
locality.
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 The End
Module 2

By: Blesilda A. Tiongson

Science Master Teacher 1
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Quiz

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Assignment
 Read Module 3

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Websites to visit

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nasa.gov

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srh.noaa.gov

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nhc.noaa.gov

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Storm Surge

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